The last devotion of Christ: the Sacred Heart is not devotionism but a gateway to the mysteries of God

THE LAST DEVOTION OF CHRIST: THE SACRED HEART IS NOT DEVOTIONISM BUT A DOOR OF ACCESS TO THE MYSTERIES OF GOD

For those who know about cinema, the reference to Martin Scorsese's film on Jesus is evident 1988: «The last temptation of Christ». But just to say that, while cinematic fiction can also imagine that Christ was tempted to retreat from his path, the Gospel told us that He went all the way, with a devotion towards his mission that ultimately revealed what was inside his Heart full of love.

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Ivano Liguori, Ofm. Capp.

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The devotion that has spread most among Christian people, at least in the last few centuries, it is the one addressed to the Sacred Heart, that, naturally, he also attracted to himself that due to the Heart of His Mother Mary. With this cult the Catholic Church intended to honor the Heart of Jesus Christ, one of the organs symbolizing his humanity, than for the intimate union with the Divinity, has the right to worship.

Already practiced in Christian antiquity and the Middle Ages, the cult spread widely in the 17th century thanks to Saint John Eudes (1601-1680) and above all of Santa Margherita Maria Alacoque (1647-1690), while the feast of the Sacred Heart was celebrated for the first time in France, probably in 1685. The first of Santa Margherita's famous visions occurred on 27 December 1673, feast of Saint John the Evangelist. Jesus appeared to her and Margaret felt "entirely invested with the divine presence". He invited her to take the place that Saint John had occupied during the Last Supper and told her:

«My divine Heart is so passionate with love for men, who could no longer contain within himself the flames of his ardent charity, you have to spread them. I have chosen you to fulfill this great plan, so that everything may be done by me".

As with all other devotions, so that they would not simply remain such or empty containers of popular demonstrations, theology and then the magisterium did their utmost to offer contents and motivations that could not only keep devotion to the Heart of Christ alive, but that it was also continuously nourished by the sources of writing and ecclesial tradition. As devotionism often happens, which is instead a degeneration of the authentic act of worship, tends to prevail over content, so they struggle to carry out their task, especially nowadays, in which it is easy to brand a devotion as a legacy of a pre-modern past and no longer current, or as they say only good for the elderly or the simple.

Instead, devotion to the Sacred Heart he would have much to teach modern people too, indeed to the post-moderns that are us, because the symbol of the heart and the themes connected to it are spontaneously combined with those of affection and love, that is, that whole world of feelings and emotions that are of great interest to us in our time. When more and more often, also recently, Crime events happen that affect love relationships, we immediately contact the experts who warn us of concern about how our time, especially the younger generations, needs an education of feelings, of how one should be in contact with one's emotions to be able to express them in an adequate and non-violent way. It is that vocabulary that leads us back to interiority and therefore to the human heart, to whom the heart of Christ still has much to teach.

To return to the sources of this special Christian devotion and to make people perceive how it is theologically founded and connected to the entire mystery of the salvation brought by Jesus, I would like to consider, who, a simple one, so to speak, verse of the Gospel that has perfect adherence to this devotion of the Sacred Heart. Since many images represent Jesus in the act of offering his palpitating heart, therefore to open his inner and most intimate world, let's see how the Gospel describes this moment. The Evangelist John does so in the chapter where he himself reports the crucifixion of Jesus, the dying moment he says: "Everything is done"; and immediately afterwards a soldier wounds his side to verify his death. Let's see how St. John describes the scene, which must have been truly significant. Let's note how many times the term testimony appears, addressed to faith and connected to two important scriptural quotations. We are interested in the second, the verse we would like to examine – «They will look at the one they have pierced» – precisely because devotion invites us to look at the Heart of Jesus, but we cannot fail to take into consideration the immediate context in which the scene takes place and its important theological meanings.

«But they came from Jesus, seeing that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one of the soldiers struck him in the side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. He who has seen bears witness to it and his testimony is true; he knows he is telling the truth, so that you too may believe. This in fact happened so that the Scripture could be fulfilled: Not a single bone will be broken. And another passage of Scripture says again: “They will look at him whom they have pierced”» (GV 19,33-37).

The passage cited by John it belongs to a prophetic oracle that announced the salvation and eschatological restoration of Jerusalem (Zac 12-14). In the pericope, 12,1013,1 – it tells of the mysterious death of a shepherd king who represents the future Messiah, God himself perceives himself wounded by this death, so he takes the lead by promising a good spirit and a bubbling fountain for their sin:

«I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and consolation: they will look at me, the one they pierced. They will mourn him as one mourns an only child, they will mourn him as one mourns the firstborn."(Zac 12,10).

Further on 13, 1:

"On that day there will be a spring for the house of David and for the inhabitants of Jerusalem to wash away sin and impurity".

To this verse you can add the text on living water from the next chapter: «On that day living waters will flow from Jerusalem and flow partly towards the eastern sea, part towards the western sea: there always will be, summer and winter. The Lord will be king of all the earth. On that day the Lord will be one and his name will be one." (14, 8-9).

The application of these texts to Jesus on the cross it is clear. Jesus had announced that rivers of living water would flow from within him, in GV 7,38, and the Evangelist explained that he was saying this about the Spirit (7,39)[1].

In summary, the open source for the inhabitants of Jerusalem is the open side of Jesus; the living waters that come out of Jerusalem (Zechariah) for John they are the living waters that flow from within him, which is the new temple; these waters bring purification and life to the East and West. Here we have the theme of the universality of salvation, reported, in the story of the Passion, also from the title of the cross that said: «King of the Jews». Yet the writing was in Hebrew, Greek and Latin: therefore a kingship proclaimed to the whole world. Zechariah's last prophecy was also verified in this way where there is no longer any mention of a pierced shepherd, but of the Lord and his universal kingship in eschatological time: «He will be King of all the earth» (Zac 14,9). John therefore gives the scene of the cross a very broad salvific historical meaning, in full agreement with the other great theological times that are linked to this one verse 37 taken into consideration.

We could also cite two other passages of Scripture where we talk about the New Covenant. In the first, (Gives 31,33-34), this will no longer be reported on external stone tablets, but rather inscribed in the heart:

«This will be the alliance that I will conclude with the house of Israel after those days - oracle of the Lord - I will place my law within them, I will write it on their hearts. Then I will be their God and they will be my people. They will no longer have to teach each other, saying: “Know the Lord”, because everyone will know me, from the least to the greatest - oracle of the Lord - for I will forgive their iniquity and will no longer remember their sin".

In the second, (This 36,25-27), reference is always made to the alliance, but sanctioned by the gift of a spirit, similar to water that purifies, hence also the gift of a new heart:

«I will sprinkle you with pure water and you will be purified; I will cleanse you from all your impurities and from all your idols, I will give you a new heart, I will put a new spirit within you, I will take away the heart of stone from you and give you a heart of flesh. I will put my spirit within you and will make you live according to my laws and will make you observe and put into practice my rules".

All this scriptural background it makes us understand what John meant when he reported the prophetic phrase: «They will look at the one they have pierced»; which is found only in his Gospel, at the end of a text that, as we have already highlighted, it is the favorite reference when we talk about devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. These words summarize recognition and understanding[2] through the faith of that which dwelt in the depths of the heart of the dying Christ who "Having loved his own... to the end" and having now accomplished everything, expresses the internal desire to give the Spirit. Those who direct their gaze towards Jesus can no longer be the bystanders or soldiers who witnessed the crucifixion, but it is now the believing souls who penetrate and faithfully preserve the mystery of the love of Jesus, in a word his Heart.

Let's try to understand all this better, letting ourselves be guided by the literary structure of the Johannine passage which describes the moments before and after the death of Jesus on the cross. Of course we can only summarize so much. It allows us to highlight the presence of three binomials: «everything is finished» and «I am thirsty» al v. 28; "it is finished" and "he gave up the Spirit" of v. 30; finally «blood and water» of v. 34. Two thematic lines branch off from these three, towards which we need to direct our gaze of faith.

The first line we will call Christological it is drawn by expressions: "everything is done", "it is finished" and "blood". They represent the compendium of the saving work of Jesus. In this case the gaze turns backwards, to what has passed, to grasp in these words the total obedience of Jesus to the Father: he completed his work, until blood flows. But it is also a vision of the fulfillment of that saving love for us, that "until the end" of GV 13,1. So let's see here, in the open side of Christ, be his perfect oblation, that love to excess for us.

The second thematic line it is instead aimed at the future, to the life of the Church which, as we have tried to describe in a previous article, he is present there in the person of the beloved disciple and the Woman, the Mother of Jesus, called to a new spiritual motherhood towards believing disciples. This line, pneumatology, it is outlined by words: «On set», «gave up the Spirit» and «water».

The water that flows from the side of Christ it is a symbol of the gift of the Spirit and comes from Christ himself: it is he who "gave the Spirit"; it is from him that this desire originates: «On set». In fact, we note a significant difference between Zechariah's quote and the way John reports it in the Gospel. For John it is no longer a question of looking towards God, but towards "he", Christ, who was pierced. All the attention, that is, the believing gaze, she is focused on him and on the moment of the blood and water coming out of his underwear. Furthermore, the ancient prophecy spoke of repentance, which is left unsaid by Giovanni who prefers to concentrate on seeing.

There are many studies which confirm the different ways of seeing in the fourth Gospel and how, for John, the most perfect one is the seeing that understands the revealed mystery with faith and preserves it in the memory. We add that this seeing is aimed at the participation of the readers of the Gospel in the same experience, as John himself confesses in the first finale of his work: "These (signs) they were written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and why, believing, have life in his name" (GV 20, 31)[3].

So, Once again, the Evangelist writes to direct the reader from history to mystery. We see a pierced side, of the blood and water that come out and one contemplates the entire interior world of Christ and great themes, great theological depth, ecclesial and spiritual, nothing but magical-esoteric devotionism. The water from Jesus' side is a symbol of the Spirit that flows from his side, He becomes the new eschatological temple (cf.. This 47). At the same time the blood refers to his self-giving gift to the Father, to his finished work and his love for us. The gaze of faith that contemplates is the desire to participate in this entire interior world of Christ who is manifested.

In this passage Johannine there is no explicit mention of the heart, rather than the interiority of Jesus. It will be medieval mysticism that will identify this interior world as the heart of Christ and will make this passage of the pierced side the biblical text par excellence of the theology and spirituality of the Divine Heart of Jesus. Saint Ambrose said:

«Let the Church be introduced into the secret room of Christ...; the secret room of the Church is the Body of Christ; the King introduced it into all (its) mystery» (Sant'Ambrogio, In Ps. 218, 1,16 RUSE 62,16).

And William of Saint-Thierry:

«That through the open door we enter, all in one piece, into your heart, o Jesus... up to your holy soul"; asking the Savior: «To open the side of his body so that those who desire to see the secrets of the Son may enter» (William of Saint-Thierry, Meditative prayers, 6; PL 180, 226A).

Today, thanks to modern accurate exegesis, let's give these beautiful affirmations a solid evangelical basis and appreciate them better.

Having, Once again, summarized themes that would have needed a longer and more in-depth treatment, the intent of this contribution could be to arouse, after tasting, a real taste and interest. The intelligence of faith never ceases to delve into issues that are dear to the Christian people, even a devotion can become a door towards an ever broader and deeper understanding of the mysteries of God and faith. When the month of June approaches, traditionally dedicated to the Heart of Christ, let's give a new meaning to this devotion, to the prayers we will choose or the images we will share on social. For instance, the practice of the «first nine Fridays», after what has been said here, it is no longer simply the prayer and devotion of the individual, but should be thought of in the broader context of ecclesial communion and the Christian mystery, as we discovered when reflecting on the Gospel, thinking back to Jesus' gift of his life and his Spirit for all, not just for the individual soul.

These aspects were grasped by Pope John Paul II who expressed them in a public hearing. Twenty-five years have passed since those words that I now report below:

«The Evangelist speaks only of the spear blow to the side, from which blood and water flowed. The language of the description is almost medical, anatomical. The soldier's spear certainly struck the heart, to check if the Condemned Man was already dead. This heart – this human heart – has stopped working. Jesus ceased to live. At the same time, But, this anatomical opening of Christ's heart after death - despite all the historical "harshness" of the text - pushes us to think also on a metaphorical level. The heart is not just an organ that conditions the biological vitality of man. The heart is a symbol. It speaks of the whole inner man. It speaks of the spiritual interior of man. And tradition immediately reinterpreted this sense of John's description. The rest, in a sense, the Evangelist himself gave the impetus to this, When, referring to the testimony of the eyewitness who was himself, it was reported, at the same time, to this phrase of Holy Scripture: “They will look at him whom they have pierced” (GV 19,37; Zc 12,10). Like this, in reality, look at the Church; This is how he looks at humanity. And here, in Pierced by the Soldier's Lance all generations of Christians have learned and are learning to read the mystery of the Heart of the Crucified Man who was and is the Son of God". (Saint John Paul II, General audience of 20 June 1979).

I titled this contribution: The last devotion of Christ. For those who know about cinema, the reference to Martin Scorsese's film on Jesus is evident 1988: The last temptation of Christ. But just to say that, while cinematic fiction can also imagine that Christ was tempted to retreat from his path, the Gospel told us that He went all the way, with a devotion towards his mission that ultimately revealed what was inside his Heart full of love.

Sanluri 27 February 2024

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On Mount Tabor the disciples receive the revelation of the son of man in a form transfigured by divine light

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

SUL MONTE TABOR I DISCEPOLI RICEVONO LA RIVELAZIONE DEL FIGLIO DELL’UOMO IN UNA FORMA TRASFIGURATA DALLA LUCE DIVINA

Nella narrazione evangelica e nel cammino quaresimale viene così aggiunto un altro quadro che aiuta a rispondere alla domanda che ponevamo all’inizio: Who is he? Ora è il Padre stesso che rivela l’identità profonda di Gesù non solo a chi assiste sul monte della Trasfigurazione, ma anche ai lettori e ai credenti in Cristo: Egli è il Figlio. Una teologia molto presente nei Vangeli che ci fa tornare alla mente quanto è scritto nel Primo Vangelo, quando Gesù dice: «Nessuno conosce il Figlio se non il Padre»

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Intraprendere il percorso quaresimale significa porsi di nuovo la domanda fondamentale su Gesù: Who is he? Allo stesso modo dei discepoli seduti sulla barca sballottata dalle onde, figura della Chiesa nel periodo post pasquale, che svegliato il Signore dormiente a poppa e a tempesta sedata si chiedevano: «Chi è dunque costui, che anche il vento e il mare gli obbediscono?» (MC 4, 41). Il racconto marciano della Trasfigurazione che si legge in questa seconda Domenica di Quaresima desidera rispondere a questa domanda.

La trasfigurazione di Cristo, opera di Giovanni Bellini, 1478. Musei Capodimonte, Naples.

"During that time, Jesus took Peter with him, Giacomo e Giovanni e li condusse su un alto monte, on the sidelines, loro soli. Fu trasfigurato davanti a loro e le sue vesti divennero splendenti, bianchissime: nessun lavandaio sulla terra potrebbe renderle così bianche. E apparve loro Elia con Mosè e conversavano con Gesù. Prendendo la parola, Pietro disse a Gesù: “Rabbì, è bello per noi essere qui; facciamo tre capanne, one for you, una per Mosè e una per Elia”. Non sapeva infatti che cosa dire, perché erano spaventati. Venne una nube che li coprì con la sua ombra e dalla nube uscì una voce: “Questi è il Figlio mio, the beloved: listen!”. E improvvisamente, guardandosi attorno, non videro più nessuno, se non Gesù solo, with them. Mentre scendevano dal monte, ordinò loro di non raccontare ad alcuno ciò che avevano visto, se non dopo che il Figlio dell’uomo fosse risorto dai morti. Ed essi tennero fra loro la cosa, chiedendosi che cosa volesse dire risorgere dai morti». (MC 9,2-10)

Tutti e tre i Vangeli sinottici inseriscono la Trasfigurazione nello stesso contesto, ossia dopo l’annuncio di Gesù della sua passione. Per il lettore si crea così un ponte fra il ministero pubblico di Gesù e la morte che avverrà in Gerusalemme. Ma anche un collegamento fra la odierna proclamazione di Gesù «Figlio di Dio», che si ode dalla nube, e altre due analoghe. Quella del Battesimo, When: «Si sentì una voce dal cielo» che diceva «Tu sei il Figlio mio prediletto, in te mi sono compiaciuto» (MC 1,11); e l’altra, che si trova solo in Marco, all’inizio del Vangelo, nel primo versetto del primo capitolo: "The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Son of God".

È molto probabile che l’episodio narrato, originally, fosse un racconto di apparizione del Risorto, che Marco, il quale ha escluso dalla sua narrazione siffatti racconti, avrebbe inserito al centro del Vangelo, subito dopo la confessione messianica di Pietro, per bilanciare l’annuncio del destino di morte del Figlio dell’uomo (MC 8, 31) con la visione prolettica della sua glorificazione (MC 9, 2-13). Una scelta che ne avrebbe determinato la collocazione anche in Matteo e Luca. A supporto di questa ipotesi sta il fatto che nel prosieguo dei tre racconti l’incomprensione dei discepoli nei riguardi di Gesù resta intatta, malgrado alcuni fossero stati testimoni di un evento tanto eclatante. While, collocato dopo la sua morte, il racconto assume un significato cruciale. È il punto di svolta. I tre discepoli ricevono la rivelazione del Figlio dell’uomo in una forma trasfigurata dalla luce divina. Dopo la sua morte, hanno la visione di Gesù collocato allo stesso livello di Mosè ed Elia, cioè di due figure bibliche già innalzate alla gloria celeste, e ascoltano la proclamazione della sua elezione divina, la stessa che risuona al momento del battesimo. Finalmente i discepoli «sanno» chi è Gesù, ed è alla luce di tale comprensione che l’episodio storico e iniziale del battesimo assume il suo «vero» significato di investitura divina.

Nel versetto che precede la scena della Trasfigurazione che oggi leggiamo nella Liturgia Gesù dice ai suoi discepoli: ' Verily I say: vi sono alcuni qui presenti, che non morranno senza aver visto il regno di Dio venire con potenza» (MC 9,1). Sei giorni dopo questo annuncio Gesù porta Pietro, Giacomo e Giovanni con sé sopra un monte alto, in un luogo appartato, e si trasfigura davanti a loro. L’episodio non solo è descritto da tutti e tre i Vangeli sinottici, ma anche dalla Seconda Lettera di Pietro. Lì l’Apostolo ricorda e scrive di essere stato testimone oculare della grandezza di Gesù:

«Egli ricevette infatti onore e gloria da Dio Padre quando dalla maestosa gloria gli fu rivolta questa voce: “Questi è il Figlio mio prediletto, nel quale mi sono compiaciuto”. Questa voce noi l’abbiamo udita scendere dal cielo mentre eravamo con lui sul santo monte» (2PT 1,16-18).

A differenza del Battesimo, dove la voce che proclama Gesù «Figlio» sembra sia stata udita solo da Lui, nella Trasfigurazione le parole sono indirizzate ai discepoli, che non possono ignorarle: «Ascoltatelo». È infatti importante che nel momento in cui Gesù annuncia la sua passione venga ribadita l’idea che Dio non abbandonerà il suo Figlio, anche se verrà consegnato per la crocifissione. Questa non offuscherà la fedeltà del Padre, cosicché anche il duro annuncio della passione e morte sono dentro il Vangelo, sono la buona notizia di cui il lettore deve essere consapevole, allo stesso modo dei discepoli che fecero quella esperienza.

Pietro, insieme ai compagni, è colui che più di tutti ha bisogno di ascoltare Gesù. Dopo la confessione di Cesarea di Filippo, ha preteso di mettersi davanti a lui per evitargli il pellegrinaggio a Gerusalemme. Gesù per questo chiama Pietro «Satana» (MC 8,33), ma poi lo invita a salire sul monte con lui. In altre parole qui siamo di fronte alla reazione of God all’incredulità di Pietro. Not only. Se i discepoli devono prepararsi alla passione del loro maestro, anche Gesù ha bisogno di istruzioni per intraprendere il «suo esodo», come specificherà Luca in 9,31: Mosè aveva condotto gli ebrei fuori dall’Egitto, Elia aveva ripercorso i suoi passi, e ora il Messia, aiutato da coloro che hanno vissuto un’esperienza analoga di sofferenza e liberazione, potrà andare deciso verso Gerusalemme.

L’interpretazione tradizionale della presenza di Mosè ed Elia sul monte dice, indeed, che essi rappresenterebbero la Torà e i Profeti, ovvero tutta la Scrittura prima di Gesù. Ma oggi si pensa piuttosto che il significato della loro presenza sia importante se riferita a quanto Gesù sta vivendo nel momento in cui sale su quella montagna. Mosè ed Elia hanno vissuto eventi paragonabili alla reazione di Pietro all’annuncio della passione di Gesù di cui sopra. L’analogia tra gli eventi è data dal modo in cui Gesù interpreta il rifiuto di Pietro: come una nuova tentazione, analoga a quelle dell’inizio del suo ministero; così Mosè provò l’esperienza del vitello d’oro ed Elia quella della fuga verso l’Oreb. Questi due fatti ebbero luogo proprio su un monte, dopo un fallimento del popolo di Israele che aveva, in the first case, costruito un idolo e, in the second, sostenuto i sacerdoti di Baal contro cui Elia doveva lottare. A fronte di queste due delusioni, sia Mosè che Elia chiedono a Dio di morire (cf.. Is 32,32; 1Re 19,4), ma, in risposta, a tutti e due è concessa invece la visione di Dio. Moses, spaventato, But, si nasconde nella rupe (Is 33,21-22), ed Elia si copre il volto (1Re 19,13). Mentre allora non videro Dio, ora finalmente stanno davanti a Gesù, nella sua gloria e non si velano più il volto; non hanno più paura di lui, perché «Gesù, il «Figlio amato» del Padre (MC 9,7), «l’eletto» (LC 9,35), è egli stesso la visibilità del Padre: «Chi ha visto me, ha visto il Padre» (GV 14,9). In lui Mosè ed Elia si incontrano, vedono Gesù nella gloria, e gli portano il loro conforto. At the end, il Padre conferma ai tre discepoli, Pietro incluso, la strada che Gesù dovrà intraprendere» (M. Gilbert).

Nella narrazione evangelica e nel cammino quaresimale viene così aggiunto un altro quadro che aiuta a rispondere alla domanda che ponevamo all’inizio: Who is he? Ora è il Padre stesso che rivela l’identità profonda di Gesù non solo a chi assiste sul monte della Trasfigurazione, ma anche ai lettori e ai credenti in Cristo: Egli è il Figlio. Una teologia molto presente nei Vangeli che ci fa tornare alla mente quanto è scritto nel Primo Vangelo, quando Gesù dice: «Nessuno conosce il Figlio se non il Padre» (Mt 11,27).

From the Hermitage, 24 February 2024

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Sant'Angelo Cave in Ripe (Civitella del Tronto)

 

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Gestures and words, about the liturgy. Let's break a spear in favor of “Kiss me Tucho”, anche se pare avere dimenticato la Redemptionis Sacramentum

GESTURES AND WORDS, ABOUT THE LITURGY. SPEZZIAMO UNA LANCIA A FAVORE DI “BESAME TUCHO”, ANCHE SE PARE AVERE DIMENTICATO LA THE SACRAMENT OF REDEMPTION

Many, to put it mildly, they turned up their noses when the Pontiff chose the current Prefect. There was no shortage of criticism. Rispondendo con rispetto e per alleggerire con una battuta tutto il discorso fatto fin qui si potrebbe ricordare il detto che recita: «Anche un orologio rotto segna due volte al giorno l’ora giusta»

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Simone Pifizzi

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Per una curiosa legge del contrappasso molti che avevano gioito alla pubblicazione della Begging for confidence, confusa e ambigua dichiarazione del dicastero per la Dottrina della Fede pubblicata il 18 dicembre dell’anno scorso, dinanzi alla quale sono insorti interi episcopati, si sono sentiti di polemizzare con la più recente Nota del medesimo Dicastero sulla validità dei Sacramenti del 2 febbraio di questo anno e intitolata: Gestis verbisque.

The question arises spontaneously: In the 2004 fu pubblicata l’Istruzione Sacramentum che è un capolavoro di teologia sacramentaria, di disciplina dei Sacramenti e di pastorale liturgica. Istruzione che, stando a ciò che è seguitato ad accadere nelle nostre chiese, è stata bellamente disattesa da eserciti di preti creativi e da movimenti laicali che hanno seguitato imperterriti a crearsi le proprie liturgie personalizzate, Neocatecumenali in testa, il tutto nella totale incuranza e mancata vigilanza da parte dei vescovi, sebbene il documento parli molto chiaro nella sua conclusione finale:

«This Instruction, drafted, by order of the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II, by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments in agreement with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, was approved by the Pontiff himself on 19 March 2004, on the solemnity of St. Joseph, who ordered its publication and immediate compliance by all those responsible ".

Perché non richiamare all’osservanza di questa istruzione, così ben fatta e dettagliata, semmai stabilendo delle precise sanzioni per chi avesse disatteso le disposizioni date? Perché questo è il problema di fondo che ha caratterizzato gli ultimi cinquant’anni di vita di una Chiesa che chiede, esorta, istruisce e raccomanda, ma che si guarda però bene, in questi documenti, di fissare precise sanzioni per i trasgressori. Not only: in 64 note di richiamo della Gestis verbisque the Sacramentum non è mai stata richiamata e citata una sola volta, cosa oggettivamente grave.

Come ormai sanno anche i sassi la prima succitata Dichiarazione, nell’ambito più ampio del senso da dare alle benedizioni nella Chiesa, apriva alla possibilità di benedire spontaneamente anche coppie in situazioni irregolari e dello stesso sesso. Cosa che per molti vescovi e preti delle varie regioni del Nord dell’Europa non era necessaria, lo fanno arbitrariamente da anni. Questo controversa Dichiarazione prevede Benedizioni da impartire in luoghi e con modalità che non dovranno essere in alcun modo simili a quelle date alle coppie regolari, ma: «In altri contesti, quali la visita a un santuario, l’incontro con un sacerdote, la preghiera recitata in un gruppo o durante un pellegrinaggio. Indeed, attraverso queste benedizioni che vengono impartite non attraverso le forme rituali proprie della liturgia, bensì come espressione del cuore materno della Chiesa, analoghe a quelle che promanano in fondo dalle viscere della pietà popolare, non si intende legittimare nulla ma soltanto aprire la propria vita a Dio, chiedere il suo aiuto per vivere meglio, ed anche invocare lo Spirito Santo perché i valori del Vangelo possano essere vissuti con maggiore fedeltà» (no 40).

Fin qui tutti contenti, almeno i fautori di questa apertura, come se noi avessimo negato in precedenza benedizioni a singole persone, soprattutto a quelle che vivevano in condizioni di irregolarità, o che si erano macchiate dei peccati e dei delitti più gravi.

Per ironia della sorte, proprio coloro che avevano esultato dinanzi alla Begging for Confidence, poco dopo si sono lanciati in dure critiche riguardo la Nota del 2 February, Gestures and words, perché utilizza un linguaggio tradizionale nel definire ciò che occorre affinché un Sacramento sia valido, oltre che lecito. The criticism, in particular, si appunta sull’uso insistito dei termini «forma» e «materia» utilizzati dalla Nota in quanto componenti insostituibili di ogni celebrazione dei Sacramenti, insieme all’intenzione del celebrante. Critica che riguarda lo scollegamento di questi tre elementi costitutivi dall’insieme della celebrazione del Sacramento, dai soggetti che vi partecipano e dai vari segni che vi intervengono, i quali dovrebbero essere, per loro stessa costituzionalità, significativi e, how do you say, parlanti. Gli appunti mossi, so, fanno riferimento al modo con cui la Nota non prende in esame l’interezza del Sacramento celebrato e, come onda di ritorno, si riversano anche sulla Begging for confidence, in quanto lì: «…Un benedire senza forma (senza spazio, time, words, all over) è un non senso» (cf.. See WHO).

Non sta a me prendere le difese di un Dicastero strategico come quello per la Dottrina della fede. But, a leggere e rileggere quella Nota mi viene in mente il «Rasoio di Occam» il quale si potrebbe sintetizzare più o meno così: «A parità di fattori, la spiegazione più semplice è quella da preferire»; o anche «Non considerare la pluralità se non è necessario».

this Note, sia nella lettera di accompagnamento del Prefetto, che nel suo corpo stesso, ricorda che da parte di Cardinali e Vescovi sono stati rilevate, e quindi richiesti chiarimenti, sulle gravi modifiche apportate alla materia e alla forma dei Sacramenti, rendendoli di fatto nulli. Basterebbe leggere i pochi indizi ed esempi, a volte strampalati e curiosi, a cui fa riferimento il Prefetto per capire lo scopo semplice della Nota stessa: richiamare tutti ad una celebrazione dei Sacramenti corretta, loyal, ecclesial. Che se sono concessi, dove permessi dalle Conferenze episcopali, spazi di creatività, questi non divengano invece una inventiva che di fatto manipola arbitrariamente il Sacramento celebrato.

È a partire da questo sfondo e cioè dalla preoccupazione dei Pastori delle Chiese, che la Nota va letta. La quale poi sintetizza ciò che occorre perché un Sacramento sia valido, richiamando la dottrina tradizionale, che è vero, nei suoi tratti salienti risale al Concilio di Trento che il Vaticano II ha ripreso e rielaborato in sintonia con tutto quello che nel frattempo la Chiesa, in quell’assise, riscopriva su sé stessa e su come intendeva proporsi al mondo di oggi.

Non a caso la Nota prende spunto proprio dalla Costituzione Sacrosanctum Concilium per ricordare che il Concilio: «Riferisce analogicamente la nozione di Sacramento all’intera Chiesa». E dalla The light che afferma circa la Chiesa che quest’ultima è: «In Cristo come Sacramento, cioè segno e strumento dell’intima unione con Dio e dell’unità di tutto il genere umano». E ciò si realizza precipuamente per mezzo dei Sacramenti, in ciascuno dei quali si attua a suo modo la natura sacramentale della Chiesa, Corpo di Cristo… Cosciente di ciò la Chiesa, since its origins, ha avuto particolare cura delle fonti dalle quali attinge la linfa vitale per la sua esistenza e la sua testimonianza: God's Word, attestata dalle sacre Scritture e dalla Tradizione, e i Sacramenti, celebrati nella liturgia, mediante i quali è continuamente ricondotta al mistero della Pasqua di Cristo» (cf.. no. 6, 7 e 10).

Per la grandezza di tutto questo the church, if he says, riceve i Sacramenti, li amministra, ma non ne è padrona. Cosa che invece sembra sia accaduta con le varianti creative di diversi ministri e di vari movimenti laicali. È solo a questo punto che la Nota ricorda brevemente ― non è del resto un trattato di liturgia ― quelli che sono elementi essenziali. Innanzitutto la «forma» del Sacramento che corrisponde alle parole che si accompagnano alla materia, la trascende, veicolando il senso cristiano, salvifico ed ecclesiale di ciò che si sta compiendo nella celebrazione. Quindi la «materia» del Sacramento che consiste invece nell’azione umana, attraverso la quale agisce Cristo. In essa a volte è presente un elemento materiale (water, pane, vino, oil), altre volte un gesto particolarmente eloquente (segno della croce, imposizione delle mani, immersione, infusione, consenso, unzione). Tale corporeità appare indispensabile perché radica il Sacramento non solo nella storia umana, but also, più fondamentalmente, nell’ordine simbolico della Creazione e lo riconduce al mistero dell’incarnazione del Verbo e della Redenzione da Lui operata (cf.. no 13).

Infine l’«intenzione» di chi celebra, che nulla ha a che vedere con la sua moralità e la fede, piuttosto con il convincimento di compiere: «Almeno ciò che fa la Chiesa» (Council of Trent). Questa disposizione sottrae il celebrante dall’automatismo e dalla possibile arbitrarietà del singolo, poiché questo atto squisitamente umano è anche ecclesiale. Atto interiore e soggettivo si, which, however, manifestandosi nel Sacramento, diviene di tutta la comunità ecclesiale e: «Poiché ciò che fa la Chiesa non è altro che ciò che Cristo ha istituito, anche l’intenzione, insieme alla materia e alla forma, contribuisce a rendere l’azione sacramentale il prolungamento dell’opera salvifica del Signore» (cf.. no 18).

A tal proposito la Chiesa ha approntato i libri liturgici che non vanno alterati o usati a piacimento, piuttosto osservati fedelmente nelle parole e persino nella gestualità che in essi è indicata. Gli stessi prevedono spazi di creatività e le stesse Conferenze episcopali dei diversi paesi hanno predisposto possibili adattamenti e varianti che corrispondono alla sensibilità e alla situazione dei partecipanti. Si pensi alle celebrazioni coi fanciulli, for instance, ai diversi canoni eucaristici predisposti per loro ed approvati dalla CEI.

La Nota ricorda anche, e questo sembra rispondere agli appunti critici, that: «Materia, forma e intenzione sono sempre inseriti nel contesto della celebrazione liturgica, che non costituisce un ornatus cerimoniale dei Sacramenti e nemmeno una didascalica introduzione alla realtà che si compie, ma è nel suo complesso l’avvenimento in cui continua a realizzarsi l’incontro personale e comunitario tra Dio e noi, in Cristo e nello Spirito Santo, incontro nel quale, attraverso la mediazione di segni sensibili, «viene resa a Dio una gloria perfetta e gli uomini vengono santificati». La necessaria sollecitudine per gli elementi essenziali dei Sacramenti, dai quali dipende la loro validità, deve pertanto accordarsi con la cura e il rispetto dell’intera celebrazione, in cui il significato e gli effetti dei Sacramenti sono resi pienamente intelligibili da una molteplicità di gesti e parole, favorendo in tal modo l’actuosa participatio of the faithful (cf.. no 20).

In this context si inserisce tutta l’importanza della presidenza liturgica e l’arte di celebrare. Queste richiedono la conoscenza dei motivi teologici che le espirano, come quelli di agire, quando si celebra, In persona Christi e Nomine ecclesiae. Come pure la conoscenza dei libri liturgici e dei loro To be noted che spesso si saltano a piè pari perché noiosi. Ma se volessimo fare un paragone, che spero non appaia fuori luogo, fra il celebrare e il gesto sportivo, si vede come quest’ultimo risulti efficace se ha dietro una buona conoscenza e messa in atto dei cosiddetti fondamentali. Un campione, soprattutto di quelle discipline che richiedono gesti ripetuti uguali e precisi, passa molto tempo, anni addirittura, a studiare, ad allenarsi e a esprimersi poi con una disinvoltura che stupisce. Un gesto atletico molto difficile che vediamo eseguire, durante una olimpiade per esempio, ha richiesto una preparazione non indifferente, eppure ci sembra semplice e naturale.

To conclude, so che tanti, to put it mildly, they turned up their noses when the Pontiff chose the current Prefect. There was no shortage of criticism. Rispondendo con rispetto e per alleggerire con una battuta tutto il discorso fatto fin qui si potrebbe ricordare il detto che recita: «Anche un orologio rotto segna due volte al giorno l’ora giusta». But, honestly, questa Nota stavolta suona bene. Non ha nulla di criticabile, se l’intenzione è proprio quella di invitare a custodire e a presentare in modo degno ed ecclesiale un bene tanto prezioso. Infatti così termina:

«Noi […] abbiamo questo tesoro in vasi di creta, affinché appaia che questa straordinaria potenza appartiene a Dio, e non viene da noi» (2Color 4, 7). L’antitesi utilizzata dall’Apostolo per sottolineare come la sublimità della potenza di Dio si riveli attraverso la debolezza del suo ministero di annunciatore ben descrive anche quanto accade nei Sacramenti. La Chiesa tutta è chiamata a custodire la ricchezza in essi contenuta, perché mai venga offuscato il primato dell’agire salvifico di Dio nella storia, pur nella fragile mediazione di segni e di gesti propri della umana natura» (no 28).

Florence, 21 February 2024

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The fans of Mary co-redemptrix, a gross contradiction in theological terms

THE FANS OF MARIA CO-REDEMPTOR, A GROSS CONTRADICTION IN THEOLOGICAL TERMS

Is anyone truly willing to believe that the Blessed Virgin, the one who defined herself as a "humble servant", the woman of gifted love, silence and confidentiality, the one who has the purpose of leading to Christ, can truly ask some visionaries or visionaries to be proclaimed co-redeemer and put almost on a par with the Divine Redeemer? One might reasonably ask: of when, the "humble servant" of Magnificat, she would become so pretentious and vain as to ask for and claim the title of co-redeemer?

— Theologica pages —

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PDF print format article

 

 

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Article dedicated to the memory of the Jesuit Peter Gumpel (Hannover 1923 – Rome 2023) who was my trainer and precious teacher in the history of dogma

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By frequenting enough i social media, reading and listening to priests and lay people, on biblical and theological topics, sometimes one gets the impression that no progress has been made on certain issues. It so happens that many inaccuracies are put into circulation on questions concerning matters of faith, or we continue on old registers, devotional and emotional.

Salvador Dali, The Madonna of Port Lligat, 1949, Haggerty Museum of Art, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Detail.

The desire, perhaps a little utopian, it would be for the Readers to realize, with minimal effort, who could benefit from serious and precise insights. At least it is in my hope and that of our Fathers Patmos Island, be of help to those who manage to go beyond the four or five lines read on social media, where today unlikely theologians and Mariologists pontificate, with the consequences that we often know well: deviation from the true faith. And this is very sad, because i Social media they could be an extraordinary tool for us for the diffusion of sound and solid Catholic doctrine.

In the years following the Second Vatican Council Biblical science has made important strides, offering contributions that are now essential for theology in its various branches and for Christian life. This since when, since the time of the Venerable Pontiff Pius XII, in the Catholic Church the study of the Bible has been encouraged by giving the possibility of using all those methods that are normally applied to a written text. To cite just a few examples: rhetorical analysis, the structural one, literary and semantics have produced results that perhaps have sometimes appeared unsatisfactory, but they also allowed us to explore the text of the Holy Scripture in a new way and this led to a whole series of studies that made us know the Word of God better and more deeply. Or to reconsider ancient acquisitions, of tradition, of the Holy Fathers of the Church, which despite being true and profound, as well as works of high theology, however they did not have the support of a modern study of sacred texts, precisely because still, certain tools, at the time of their speculations they were missing.

Before continuing, an aside is necessary: i "teologi" da social media they need the fight, to unleash which it is necessary to choose and create an enemy. For certain groups the most popular enemy is Modernism, rightly defined by the Holy Pontiff Pius (cf.. Feeding of Dominic's Sheep). That doesn't mean that, But, than the actions of this Holy Pontiff, before that and of his Supreme Predecessor Leo XIII, has always produced beneficial effects in the decades to follow. Obviously, to make an objective critical analysis, it is imperative to contextualize the condemnation of Modernism and the severe canonical measures that followed in that precise historical moment, certainly not to express judgments using criteria linked to our present, because only misleading and distorting sentences would emerge. To briefly summarize this complex problem to which I intend to dedicate my next book, suffice it to say that the Church of those years, after the fall of the Papal State which occurred on 20 September 1870, it was subject to violent political and social attacks. The Roman Pontiff withdrew as a "voluntary prisoner" within the Vatican walls from which he emerged only six decades later. The anticlericalism of Masonic origin was raised to the maximum power and the Church had to seriously deal with its own survival and that of the institution of the papacy. It certainly could not afford the development of currents of thought that would have attacked and corroded it directly from within. It is in this delicate context that the fight of the Holy Pontiff Pius. With all the consequences, including negative ones, of the case: theological speculation was effectively frozen amidst a thousand fears and the training of priests was reduced to four formulas of decadent neo-scholasticism, which was not even a distant relative of the classical scholasticism of Saint Anselm of Aosta and Saint Thomas Aquinas. This produced such an unpreparedness and ignorance in the Catholic clergy that for clear proof it would be enough to read the Encyclical Back to the Catholic Priesthood written in 1935 of Pope Pius XI.

The consequences of the fight against Modernism they were in some ways disastrous, suffice it to say that when on the threshold of the 1940s, at the beginning of the pontificate of Pius XII, Catholic theologians and biblical scholars began to get their hands on certain materials and to carry out exegesis in the context of the Old and New Testaments, they were forced, discreetly and working prudently under the table, to refer to Protestant authors, who had been speculating and carrying out in-depth studies on certain topics for decades, especially in the field of biblical sciences. And so today, if we want to do a study and analysis of the text of the Letter to the Romans we must necessarily refer to the commentary of the Protestant theologian Carl Barth, which remains fundamental and above all unsurpassed. These too were the fruits of the struggle against Modernism, which the "theologians" certainly don't talk about social media that to exist they need an enemy to fight. But as already said, this theme will be the subject of my next book, but this aside was necessary to better introduce our theme.

What is still missing today is that these results obtained through modern exegesis or the study of the Old and New Testament texts become the prerogative of the majority of believers. And here I return to reiterate the extraordinary importance that the social media, to disseminate and make certain materials accessible. Too often they remain confined to specialist texts and do not pass, if not sporadically, in preaching and catechesis, encouraging a new awareness of the terms at stake and therefore a more solid and motivated Christian faith, not based only on acquired data that is often fragile and confusing, on the devotional, on the sentimental, or worse: about revelations, on real or alleged apparitions, or on the itchy trembling “secrets” of talkativeness Madam di Medjugorje (cf.. my video conference, WHO)…and so on to follow.

If certain madonnolatrous fans they had humility, perhaps even the decency to read books and articles by authoritative scholars, perhaps they could understand that not only, they didn't understand, but that they have understood nothing at all about the Mary of the Holy Gospels. It would be enough to take - I mention just one among many - the article written by Father Ignace de la Potterie: «The Mother of Jesus and the mystery of Cana» (La Civiltà Cattolica, 1979, IV, pp. 425-440, full text WHO), to thus understand what abysmal difference there may be between Mariology and Mariolatry.

When even today we still talk about the Virgin Mary, Unfortunately, even among certain priests - and even more so among certain devout believers - we witness the trite repetition of the usual devotional and emotional discourses, until reaching, with the step of elephants inside a glassware shop, the very delicate and discussed theme of Mary co-redemptrix, that as is well known - and as the last Pontiffs have pointed out several times -, it is a term that in itself creates enormous theological problems with Christology and the mystery of redemption itself. In fact, affirm that Maria, perfect creature born without sin, but still a created creature, he cooperated in the redemption of humanity, it is not exactly the same as saying that he co-redeemed humanity. It was Christ who brought about the redemption, who was not a created creature but the Word of God made man, begotten not created of the same substance as God the Father, as we act in the Symbol of Faith, the I believe, where we profess «[…] and by the work of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate in the womb of the Virgin Mary". In Symbol of Faith, redemption is entirely centered on Christ. That's why we say that the Blessed Virgin “he cooperated” and say “ha co-redee” it has a substantially and radically different theological value. In fact, only one is the redeemer: Jesus Christ God made man "begotten not created of the same substance as the Father", who as such does not need any created creature to support or sustain him as co-redeemer or co-redeemer, including the Blessed Virgin Mary" (cf.. Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo, in The Island of Patmos, see WHO, WHO, WHO). Request: to the fans of the co-redeemer, how come it is not enough that Mary is the one who in fact cooperated more than any creature so that the mystery of redemption was realized? For what reason, but above all for what obstinacy, not happy with her role as a cooperator, at all costs they want her to be proclaimed co-redemptive with a solemn dogmatic definition?

From a theological point of view and dogmatic, the very concept of Mary co-redemptrix first of all creates big problems for Christology, with the risk of giving life to a sort of "quatrinity" and of raising the Madonna, that is perfect creature born without the stain of original sin, to the role of real gods. Christ redeemed us with his hypostatic precious human and divine blood, with his glorious resurrected body which still bears the signs of passion imprinted on it today. Mary instead, while covering an extraordinary role in the history of the economy of salvation, It cooperated in our redemption. To say co-redemptive is equivalent to saying that we have been redeemed by Christ and Mary. And here it is good to clarify: Christ saves, Mary intercedes for our salvation. It is not a small difference between “saving” and “interceding”, unless otherwise create a different religion from the one founded on the mystery of God's Word (cf.. My previous article WHO).

Mariology is not something in itself, almost as if he lived an autonomous life. Mariology is nothing more than an appendix of Christology and is inserted in a precise theological dimension of Christocentrism. If Mariology is somehow detached from this Christocentric centrality, one can run the serious risk of falling into the worst and most harmful Mariocentrism. Not to mention the obvious arrogance of the exponents of some young and problematic Congregation of Franciscan-Marian imprint, who did not limit themselves to making hypotheses or theological studies to support the peregrine idea of ​​the so-called co-redemptive, but in fact they instituted its cult and veneration.

Who proclaims dogmas that do not exist commits a greater crime than those whose dogmas deny them, because it operates by placing itself above the authority of the same Holy Church Mater et Magistra, holder of an authority that derives from Christ himself. And the latter yes, which is a dogma of the Catholic Faith, which was not reached by logical deduction after centuries of studies and speculation - as in the case of the dogma of the immaculate conception and Mary's assumption into heaven -, but on the basis of clear and precise words pronounced by the Word of God made Man (cf.. Mt 13, 16-20). And when dogmas that don't exist are proclaimed, in that case pride enters the scene in its worst manifestation. I have written and explained it in several of my previous articles but it deserves to be repeated again: in the so-called scale of the deadly sins the Catechism of the Catholic Church indicates pride in the first place, with painful peace of those who persist in concentrating the entire mystery of evil in lust - which we remember does not figure in first place at all, but not even to the second, to the third and fourth [See. Catechism no. 1866] ―, regardless of the fact that the worst sins ranging everyone and rigor from his belt to rise, not instead of his belt to fall, as I wrote in an ironic but theologically very serious tone years ago in my book And Satan became triune, explaining in one of my books 2011 how the sixth commandment has often been exaggerated beyond measure, often forgetting all the worst and most serious sins against charity.

If then all this is filtered through fideistic emotions - as if such a delicate topic centered in the most complex spheres of dogmatics were a sort of opposing fan base made up of Lazio fans and Roma fans -, in that case one can fall into actual Marian idolatry or so-called Mariolatry, which is to say: pure paganism. At that point Mary could easily take the name of any goddess of the Greek Olympus or the Roman Pantheon.

The fans from social media of co-redemption of the Blessed Virgin affirm as a sort of incontrovertible proof that it was Mary herself who asked for the proclamation of this fifth Marian dogma (cf.. among many articles, WHO). Something they say there is no discussion about, the Blessed Virgin herself would have asked it when appearing in Amsterdam to Ida Peerdeman. Given that no Marian apparition, including those recognized as authentic by the Church, Fatima included, it can be the object and binding matter of faith; given also that the locutions of certain seers are even less so, we can only smile at certain pleasantries of amateur theologians which make certain subjects difficult to manage for us priests and above all for us theologians, precisely because their arrogance goes hand in hand with their ignorance which leads them to treat such a topic as if it really were a heated exchange between Lazio fans and Roma fans who shout at each other from the opposite corners of the stadium. Even in this case the answer is simple: is anyone truly willing to believe that the Blessed Virgin, the one who defined herself as a "humble servant", the woman of gifted love, silence and confidentiality, the one who has the purpose of leading to Christ, can truly ask some visionaries or visionaries to be proclaimed co-redeemer and put almost on a par with the Divine Redeemer? One might reasonably ask: of when, the "humble servant" of Magnificat, she would become so pretentious and vain as to ask for and claim the title of co-redeemer?

Finally, here it is “proof of proof”: «several Supreme Pontiffs have made use of the term co-redemptive», Having said this, the list of their various speeches follows, although everything demonstrates the exact opposite of what the co-redemption fans would like to experience. It is true that the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II, in a speech of his on 8 September 1982, stated:

«Maria, even conceived and born without stain of sin, he participated in a wonderful way in the sufferings of his divine Son, to be co-redemptor of humanity".

However, this expression demonstrates the exact opposite on the theological and Mariological level. Let's clarify why: from then on, following John Paul II - who was undoubtedly a Pontiff of profound Marian devotion -, he had others before him 23 years of pontificate. Come May, in this long period of time, as well as not proclaiming the fifth Marian dogma of Mary's co-redemption, he flatly rejected the request, when it was presented to him twice? He rejected her because between the 1962 and the 1965, the then young Bishop Karol Woytila ​​was a participating and active figure in the Second Vatican Council who in one of its dogmatic constitutions clarified how Mary had «cooperated in a unique way in the work of the Savior» (The light, 61). Statement introduced by the previous article where it is specified that the only mediation of the Redeemer «does not exclude, but it arouses in creatures a varied cooperation participated by the single source" (The light 60; CCC 970). And the highest and most extraordinary cooperation was that of the Virgin Mary. This should be enough to understand that the Supreme Pontiffs, when they sometimes resorted to the term co-redemptive in their speeches, never in encyclicals or solemn acts of the supreme magisterium, they intended to express with it the concept of Mary's cooperation in the mystery of salvation and redemption.

The very term co-redemptive it is in and of itself a theological absurdity that creates enormous conflicts with Christology and the mystery of redemption brought about solely by God the Incarnate Word, which does not need co-redeemers and co-redeemers, he repeated it three times, In the 2019, 2020 e 2021 also the Supreme Pontiff Francis:

«[…] Faithful to his Master, who is his Son, the only Redeemer, he never wanted to take something of his Son for himself. She never presented herself as a co-redeemer. No, discepola. And there is a Holy Father who says around that discipleship is more worthy than motherhood. Questions of theologians, but a disciple. He never stole anything from his Son for himself, she served him because she is a mother, gives life in the fullness of time to this Son born of a woman (cf.. Homily of 12 December 2019, full text WHO) […] Our Lady did not want to take any title away from Jesus; she received the gift of being His Mother and the duty to accompany us as a Mother, to be our Mother. She did not ask for herself to be a quasi-redeemer or a co-redeemer: no. The Redeemer is only one and this title is not doubled. Only disciple and Mother (cf.. Homily of 3 April 2020, full text WHO) […] the Madonna who, as the Mother to whom Jesus has entrusted us, envelops us all; but as a mother, not as a goddess, not as a co-redemptrix: as Mother. It is true that Christian piety always gives it beautiful titles, like a son to his mother: how many beautiful things a son says to the mother he loves! But let's be careful: the beautiful things that the Church and the Saints say about Mary take nothing away from the redemptive uniqueness of Christ. He is the only Redeemer. They are expressions of love like a son to his mother, sometimes exaggerated. But love, we know, always makes us do exaggerated things, but with love" (cf.. Hearing of 24 March 2021, full text WHO).

The mystery of redemption it is one with the mystery of the cross, on which God made man died as a sacrificial lamb. On the cross the Blessed Virgin Mary was not nailed to death like a sacrificial lamb, that at the end of her life she fell asleep and was assumed into heaven, she did not die and rose again on the third day, defeating death. The Blessed Virgin, first creature of the whole creation above all the saints for its immaculate purity, he does not forgive our sins and does not redeem us, he intercedes for the remission of our sins and for our redemption. So if he doesn't redeem us, because we insist on dogmatizing a title aimed at solemnly defining which co-redeems us?

Many fans of co-redemption are likely have never paid attention to the invocations of the Loreto Litany, which were certainly not the work of some recent pontiff smacking of modernism, as some would say, they were added to the recitation of the Holy Rosary by the Holy Pontiff Pius V after the victory of the Holy League in Lepanto in 1571, although already in use for several decades in the Sanctuary of the House of Loreto, from which they take their name. Yet it would be enough to ask this question: How come, when at the beginning of these litanies God the Father is invoked, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit, let's say "Miserere nobis» (have mercy on us)? While just starting, with the invocation Holy Mary, to enunciate all the titles of the Blessed Virgin, from that moment on we say «Pray for us» (pray for us)? Simple: because God the Father who created us and who gave himself to humanity through the incarnation of the Word of God made man, Jesus Christ, who then brought the Holy Spirit who "proceeds from the Father and the Son", with compassionate mercy they give the grace of forgiveness from sins through a Trinitarian action of the triune God, the Virgin Mary does not, he does not forgive us our sins and does not forgive us, because in the economy of salvation his role is that of intercession. This is why, when we turn to her through prayer, both in the Ave Maria than in Hi Regina, of always, throughout the history and tradition of the Church we invoke her saying "pray for us sinners", we do not ask her to forgive our sins or to save us (cf.. My previous article, WHO). This alone should be sufficient and advance to understand that the term co-redemptive itself is a gross contradiction on a theological level, unfortunately enough to make those theologians who insist on calling for the proclamation of this fifth Marian dogma to be rude, charging and using as fans fringes of faithful, most of whom have deep and serious gaps in the foundations of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

The person of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Jesus, it is looked at and indicated with a theological depth that places it in close relationship with the mission of his Son and united with us disciples, because this is his role that the Gospels wanted to communicate and remind us of, all with all due respect to those who claim, sometimes even arrogantly, to relegate the Woman of Magnificat in a microcosm of emotional devotions that often even reveal the fumus of neo-paganism. The Supreme Pontiff Francis is therefore right, than with his very simple and direct style, at times even deliberately provocative and for some even irritating, but precisely for this reason capable of making himself understood by everyone, he specified that Maria «[…] he never wanted to take something of his Son for himself. She never presented herself as co-redeemer". And she did not present herself as such because Mary is the Woman of Magnificat: «He looked at the humility of his servant, from now on all generations will call me blessed"; blessed because I became a servant, certainly not why I asked, to some demented seer, to be proclaimed co-redemptrix.

 

the Island of Patmos, 3 February 2024

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The Mother of Jesus, the treasure hidden in the Gospels

THE MOTHER OF JESUS, THE TREASURE HIDDEN IN THE GOSPELS

«The holy Council fervently and insistently exhorts all the faithful, especially the religious ones, to learn “the sublime science of Jesus Christ” (Fil 3,8) with frequent reading of the divine Scriptures. “Ignorance of the Scriptures, indeed, it is ignorance of Christ”. Let them willingly approach the sacred text, both through the sacred liturgy, which is imbued with divine words, both through pious reading, both through initiatives suitable for this purpose and other subsidies, that with the approval and care of the pastors of the Church, commendably today they spread everywhere".

- The Theological Pages -

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Author
Ivano Liguori, Ofm. Capp.

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In the years following the Second Vatican Council Biblical science has made important strides, offering contributions that are now essential for Theology in its various branches and for Christian life. This has been the case at least since, since the time of Pius XII, in the Catholic Church the study of the Bible has been encouraged by giving the possibility of using all those methods that are normally applied to a written text.

The Announcement – Work by Salvador Dali, 1960, Vatican museums (click on the image to open the page)

How many are aware of the enormous benefits that exegetical studies have brought to the theology that investigates the figure and role of the Virgin Mary, the so-called Mariology. What a richness to be able to say today that the story of the annunciation (LC 1, 26-38) for its literary form, while preserving within it the communication of a miraculous birth, however, it is a story of vocation: Mary's vocation. But who knows? Who noticed that in the CEI version of the Bible of 2008, the one we currently read in our liturgies, the angel's announcement to Mary is made today with: «Rejoice»; when in the previous version of the 1974 it was read: «I greet you»; due to the great influence due to the prayer ofAve Maria? It was the Jesuit Father Stanislas Lyonnet[1] the first that in 1939 he pointed out that the imperative invitation to joy («cheer up», Kayre Of LC 1,28) referred to the prophetic texts addressed to the "daughter of Zion" (Sof 3,14). Change everything, no longer a simple greeting, but Mary is given an invitation that in the past was addressed to Israel, to whom the prophets addressed themselves as to a woman. In the Middle Ages they said that due to her maternal function Mary was "Figure of the synagogue"[2], today, thanks to exegetical acquisitions we give this statement a new and more solid connotation from a scriptural point of view.

When even today we still talk about the Virgin Mary, unfortunately also among priests and even more so among the faithful, we witness the trite repetition of the usual devotional and emotional speeches; at most we go so far as to follow the delicate and discussed theme of Mary co-redemptrix. How many homilies wanting to explain the Cana episode still speak of it as a simple miracle? This word is not present in the Gospel passage. Instead we speak of a "sign" - "Jesus did this as the beginning of the signs" (GV 2,11) - which in the Fourth Gospel has a completely different theological depth and significance. And Maria was present there, who isn't even called by name, but only identified as: «Donna». Yet all we hear is about the Madonna: The Madonna who forced the miracle. Who knows how many know that Jesus' sentence to his Mother is most likely a question - «My time has not yet come?» - as a talented exegete proved decades ago[3]. The new CEI Bible does not yet report it, but at least, from the previous version, the term miracle has been changed and now we can finally read the word "sign" (GV 2,11).

Another interesting change of perspective which slowly happened, while carefully scrutinizing the figure of Mary in the Gospels, was to set aside the traditional link between Her and the figure of Eve, protagonista del protovangelo di Genesi. Because it was instead more in line with the texts and rich in theological and ecclesiological perspectives to see Mary as an image of that biblical daughter of Zion (Shall 86 [87],5, 5 LXX), the new Jerusalem which becomes the protagonist of the new Covenant with Jesus.

This emerges clearly in the Gospel stories, especially in two Johannine texts that see Mary, never called by its proper name, but identified rather as «The mother of Jesus» or more curiously as «Woman». The episode of the wedding at Cana (GV 2, 1-11) and that of the "Mother" under the cross (GV 19,25-27) together with the beloved disciple, are directly connected precisely because of the presence in both moments of this "Woman".

In the first case, a Cana, we are at the beginning of the manifestation of Jesus, in the second episode we are instead at the end of this revelation, there: «Everything was accomplished» (GV 19,28). Revelation that represents the leitmotif of the Johannine Gospel: "It gave, no one has seen him: the only Son, who is God and is at the Father, it is he who has made him known " (GV 1,18). Cana is the culmination of a week in which Jesus begins to reveal himself to his first disciples, after the first big timeless day of the prologue; the cross is the final moment, before the resurrection of course, which sees Jesus reveal himself to the Mother and the disciple, the one who never stopped following Jesus from the beginning, the great mystery of the Church which looks with faith at what has happened and bears witness to it: «He who saw it bears witness» (GV 19,35).

A Cana, Maria, the Mother of Jesus, she is that Woman who represents humanity in poverty and Judaism that lived on messianic hope. The words so apodictic - «They have no wine» (GV 2,3) - they would signify Israel's desire to see the spread of the messianic wine or the definitive revelation of the New Covenant, according to the rich symbolism of wine in biblical and Jewish tradition. She invites, therefore, the disciples to renew that purpose already expressed in the ancient alliance of Sinai: «All that Yahweh said, we will do it"; «Whatever he tells you, do it" (Is 19,8; see also 24,3.7; GV 2,5).

Saint John the Evangelist, as he often does throughout his work, for example in the story of the Samaritan woman at the well (GV 4,13-14), it asks us to elevate ourselves from the human and historical level to the more spiritual and theological one. Where spiritual does not mean less faithful to the truth, rather it designates and indicates the most hidden and profound meaning hidden within a story, in line with what modern hermeneutics is also discovering. Martin Heidegger in his writings says that language is found in the "unpronounceable" and meaning in the "unsaid" of the text, while the philosopher Emmanuel Lévinas talks about going "beyond the verse", Gregory the Great, a medieval one, he even said that: «The text grows with the one who reads it».

Regarding Mary, the Gospel therefore takes us through the immediate and more evident meaning of her as the mother of Jesus because she carried him in her womb and gave birth to him, to that of a representative of an entire community that wishes to unite with Jesus who, given the context, she wants to bind herself to Him like a Bride to her Groom, for He is the One who brings salvation, the new wine symbol of the new messianic alliance. The whole passage and the use of the term "Woman" is an invitation to elevate ourselves from the historical and literal level to the most hidden and profound sense which is spiritual., theological and highly significant for believers. This is why the Cana episode takes place at the end of the first week of Jesus' manifestation to his disciples, curious to know who he is, what brings new respect to John who indicated it (GV 1,36) and where is his secret: «Where are you staying? » (GV 1,38). It is no coincidence that the evangelist comments at the end that Jesus did not perform a simple miracle at Cana, but "he manifested his glory and his disciples began to believe in him" (GV 2,11).

If the maternal role of the Woman towards the disciples, a Cana, it was sketchy or rather initial, under the cross this appears clearly. Right there Mary receives a new spiritual motherhood which is expressed in the mutual relationship between her and a disciple: «They were near the cross of Jesus his mother, his mother's sister, Mary mother of Cleopas and Mary Magdalene. Jesus then, seeing his mother and next to her the disciple he loved, He told his mother: «Donna, here is your son!». Then he said to the disciple: «Here is your mother!». And from that hour the disciple took her into his " (GV 19,25-27).

It is said that when someone is at the point of death usually pronounces important words, definitive. And these are Jesus' last words before dying, before uttering that definitive one: «On set». But once again St. John warns us that an important revelation is hidden here. He does this by using a scheme used many times in his work, or using the two verbs: see, to say; and then the adverb "here", in sequence. Scholars call this process: revelation scheme; because it indicates that the author is telling us something new is being illustrated.

In telling the passion, the crucifixion and death of Jesus, John does not contradict himself and brings together themes of great theological importance. The kingship of Jesus is universal, as the languages ​​of the title of the cross indicate: «It was written in Hebrew, in latino e in greco» (GV 19,20); all the scattered children of God are gathered together: "And I, when I am lifted up from the ground, I will attract everyone to me " (GV 12,32); his unusable tunic represents the unity of the Church, at least in patristic exegesis because of the verb sketch ("sliver") used here, hence schism: «Therefore they said among themselves: «Let's not tear it up, but let's draw lots whose turn it will be". He is the intact Passover lamb: «This in fact happened so that the Scripture might be fulfilled: Not a single bone will be broken." (GV 19,36; cf.. Is 12,46). And at the culmination of this revelation there is Jesus' handing over of "his mother" to the disciple.

In fact, we note in the verses that the Mother of Jesus which is "his" (term repeated four times), it becomes through the words of Jesus to the disciple: "Your mother"; and vice versa he for her: "Your son". This disciple is loved because he is the one who has never stopped following Jesus from the beginning, from that initial week which flows into the sign of Cana which we mentioned above; what that, instead, it was not successful for Pietro who will have to resume his following later. In this sense he represents the disciple par excellence towards whom we should all conform, it is a symbol of every true disciple of Jesus, to be able, leaning over his chest, to grasp the most intimate aspects of Him. Mother, as we saw at Cana, represents the daughter of Zion, but now in her fully revealed maternal function. She is the one who sees her children previously lost, now gather (Is 60, 4-5 LXX). Be to Cana, in the initial phase, this relationship was mentioned, here it reaches all its evidence. The "Woman" now becomes the mother of the Church, represented by the disciple.

What does this new motherhood consist of? which we call spiritual, due to the fact that the true and only Son she had was Jesus? Precisely because of his indissoluble bond with Jesus, From now on she can only be for the new child, the church, the one who leads to Jesus, which invites us to enter into an alliance that is no longer initial as in Cana, but definitive, sanctioned by the saving death of Christ on the cross. She will be the one who renews towards the disciples what she was for Jesus in the incarnation: it will be the Mother. If already in Cana the disciples were not called slaves, but serve, i «diakonoi" Of GV 2,5, even more so here they are considered as children. And this motherhood, given under the cross, it expresses itself in helping the disciple, all of us, to understand the profound meaning of what happened from the beginning and what is happening at that moment on the ordeal. This is why the disciple, says the gospel, he immediately understands the words of Jesus and takes what is now His Mother into his heart. It doesn't take possession, as if a woman passed ownership from one to another, but he welcomes it for all that it now means, thanks to the revealing word just spoken by Jesus. For this reason the evangelist comments: «And from that hour the disciple welcomed her with him» (GV 19,27).

The disciple, participant in the messianic hour of the Lord and thanks to the maternal presence of Mary he can turn the gaze of the one who has understood towards Jesus on the cross, in the broadest sense of the term, that of carrying with him and within himself the great mystery of which he is a witness. And in fact these are his words: «He who has seen bears witness to it and his testimony is true; he knows he is telling the truth, so that you too may believe" (GV 19,35).

What does the disciple testify, just after receiving this new Mother? Who heard the last words of Jesus on his finished work and the others that expressed his desire to give the Spirit: «On set» (Gv 19,28b). It will be after the death of Jesus, which John will describe precisely as a delivery of the Spirit - «He gave up his spirit» (GV 19,30 Vulgate) – with the opening of the side from which blood drains, that is, the life of Jesus given so far, and water, symbol of the gift of the Spirit as had been announced several times in the Gospel (GV 7, 37-38), that his will finally and definitively be a gaze of faith directed perennially at Jesus: «They will look at the one they have pierced». (GV 19,37). A Father of the Church writes:

«No one can reach the meaning (of the Gospel of John) if he did not recline his head on the chest of Jesus and received Mary as his mother from Jesus, E, to be another John, so that he feels designated by Jesus as if he were Jesus himself. Because… Mary has no other children than Jesus; when Jesus says to his Mother: “Here is your son” and not: “Here this man is also your son”, it's as if he were telling her: “Here is Jesus whom you gave birth to”. In fact, everyone has achieved perfection “he no longer lives but Christ lives in him” and because Christ lives in him, Christ tells Mary about him: “Here is your son, the Christ”»[4].

If today I reread these bold words of Origen we realize how much theological truth and spiritual beauty they contain, we also owe it to the fact that the study of Mary in Scripture, which has flourished again in recent decades, it allows us to reap the fruits of a work of rigorous and loving analysis of the biblical texts and to enjoy ancient affirmations with renewed awareness. And the Church recommends not only that the text be studied by specialists, but that everyone can drink from the fountain of Sacred Scripture:

«The holy Council fervently and insistently exhorts all the faithful, especially the religious ones, to learn “the sublime science of Jesus Christ” (Fil 3,8) with frequent reading of the divine Scriptures. “Ignorance of the Scriptures, indeed, it is ignorance of Christ”. Let them willingly approach the sacred text, both through the sacred liturgy, which is imbued with divine words, both through pious reading, both through initiatives suitable for this purpose and other subsidies, that with the approval and care of the pastors of the Church, commendably today they spread everywhere. However, they should remember that the reading of sacred Scripture must be accompanied by prayer, so that dialogue is established between God and man; so long as “when we pray, let's talk to him; we listen to him, when we read the divine oracles”». (God's word, 25).

Here we are now at the purpose of this small contribution. Instill in readers a desire to love and learn about Scripture in a serious way, but also passionate. We have summarized a lot here, so much, because every single aspect would have required a more widespread treatment. Let's hope it serves at least as a stimulus or as a... input as they say in jargon, especially because the topic covered referred to the Virgin Mary. This little writing can help those who read to return to that source of revelation which is the Bible which can tell us so much about Mary, more than the circulating narratives, also on social, often not of excellent quality. Because as an ancient author said and I leave it in Latin it is so easy to understand: «All the Bible is one book, and that one book is Christ»[5].

Sanluri, 6 February 2023

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NOTE

[1] LYONNET S., Kaire, Kejaritomene, Biblical 20 (1939)

[2] An interlinear gloss by Gv 2,1: «The mother figure of the synagogue», in the sacred care of the Bible Glossary ordinary…, V, Antwerp, 1617, 1044; SAN TOMMASO D’AQUINO, Super evang. S. of John (ed. Cai.), n. 346: «[…] bearing in this the shape of a synagogue, who is the mother of Christ".

[3] VANHOYE A., Johannine questioning and exegesis of Cana (GV 2,4), in Biblica 55 (1974).

[4] Origene, Commentary on Saint John, I,4,23; SC 120,70,72.

[5] Hugh of St. Victor, De Arca Noe, 2, 8: PL 176, 642; cf Ibid. 2, 9: PL 176, 642-643; Catechism of the Catholic Church, no 134).

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The latest book by Ivano Liguori, to access the book shop click on the cover

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Only Jesus could be so good and merciful as to cure and heal a mother-in-law

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

SOLO GESÙ POTEVA ESSERE COSI BUONO E MISERICORDIOSO DA CURARE E GUARIRE UNA SUOCERA

«La suocera di Simone era a letto con la febbre e subito gli parlarono di lei. He approached and made her stand up by the hand; the fever left her and she served them. Evening came, dopo il tramonto del sole, gli portavano tutti i malati e gli indemoniati. Tutta la città era riunita davanti alla porta».

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La pericope del Vangelo di questa V Domenica del Tempo Ordinario ci racconta ancora della giornata-tipo di Gesù a Cafarnao.

"During that time, Jesus, uscito dalla sinagoga, subito andò nella casa di Simone e Andrea, in compagnia di Giacomo e Giovanni. La suocera di Simone era a letto con la febbre e subito gli parlarono di lei. He approached and made her stand up by the hand; the fever left her and she served them. Evening came, dopo il tramonto del sole, gli portavano tutti i malati e gli indemoniati. Tutta la città era riunita davanti alla porta. Guarì molti che erano affetti da varie malattie e scacciò molti demòni; ma non permetteva ai demòni di parlare, perché lo conoscevano. Al mattino presto si alzò quando ancora era buio e, uscito, si ritirò in un luogo deserto, e là pregava. Ma Simone e quelli che erano con lui si misero sulle sue tracce. Lo trovarono e gli dissero: «Tutti ti cercano!». Egli disse loro: «Andiamocene altrove, nei villaggi vicini, perché io predichi anche là; per questo infatti sono venuto!». E andò per tutta la Galilea, predicando nelle loro sinagoghe e scacciando i demòni». (MC 1,29-39)

Se l’utilizzo frequente in Marco dell’avverbio «subito» è servito ad accelerare il tempo narrativo, evidenziando la fretta di Gesù riguardo l’annuncio del regno; nel brano odierno, anche i luoghi qui sono presi in considerazione, come uno spazio che tende ad allargarsi sempre di più. Il movimento del racconto passa infatti dalla sinagoga della cittadina sul lago (MC 1,29) alla casa di Pietro, poi ancora dalla casa alla strada aperta davanti alla porta del cortile della casa di Pietro (v. 33), da una città ai villaggi vicini (v. 38); at last, dai villaggi fino a «tutta la Galilea» (v. 39). Come se tutto lo spazio, velocemente, debba essere occupato da Gesù, dal suo annuncio e dalle sue opere.

I personaggi del racconto sono i discepoli più vicini a Gesù, la suocera di Simone e soprattutto i malati. Sono questi ad impadronirsi della scena. Essi si possono trovare già dove arriva Gesù, come la suocera di Pietro, oppure vengono portati a lui; altri ancora lo cercano spontaneamente sin dall’alba, quando egli sta pregando. La malattia incornicia il nostro brano: che si tratti di una febbre o di una sofferenza più profonda, spirituale o fisica (come quella causata dagli spiriti impuri del v. 39), il vocabolario del campo semantico dell’infermità costella il racconto ed è presente in modo consistente, includendo tutta la narrazione.

«E subito gli parlarono di lei». La sollecitudine verso questa donna anziana colpisce, perché manifesta un’attenzione verso i fragili e la fede nella presenza di Gesù. La donna anziana e febbricitante non viene nascosta al Maestro come fosse un problema o qualcuno di cui vergognarsi, per cui non varrebbe la pena disturbare. Il fatto che i discepoli parlino subito della suocera di Pietro a Gesù mostra che quella donna era per loro una priorità. Non ne chiedono la guarigione, non sfruttano la presenza del Maestro ai loro fini, semplicemente indicano la donna malata: questa persona per loro è importante. Da questo si può capire il senso e il valore dell’intercessione come del parlare a favore di qualcuno. Gesù lo apprezza, tanto che fa subito qualcosa: le tende la mano, la solleva e poi la guarisce dalla sua malattia. Gesù vuol essere disturbato dai malati. Gesù apprezza e ammira l’intercessione a favore dei malati, come nel caso del centurione che intercede per il suo servo malato (LC 7,1-10).

Il tema della malattia, dicevamo, percorre tutto il testo marciano. La sofferenza tocca ogni uomo, ma «sperimentando nella malattia la propria impotenza, l’uomo di fede riconosce di essere radicalmente bisognoso di salvezza. Si accetta come creatura povera e limitata. Si affida totalmente a Dio. Imita Gesù Cristo e lo sente personalmente vicino» (Catechismo degli Adulti, The truth will set you free, 1021). È la «conversione» alla quale sono chiamati i malati sanati da Gesù, rather, alla quale siamo chiamati tutti noi.

Scopriamo così un altro senso delle prime parole di Gesù nel Vangelo di Marco: «Il tempo è compiuto e il regno di Dio è vicino» (MC 1,15). Il tempo e lo spazio, ma anche gli uomini e le donne sono toccati dalla pienezza della presenza di Dio e il regno è quella realtà in cui è possibile l’incontro con Gesù. Gesù non compie solo attività terapeutiche, perché i suoi gesti sono accompagnati da parole, da insegnamenti. In effetti si tratta di segni per dire che il regno è vicino: i miracoli annunciano e inaugurano il regno di Dio e corrispondono alle attese di Israele, dove si credeva che il Messia sarebbe venuto con capacità taumaturgiche. Per questo motivo l’annuncio che «il regno è vicino» è complementare alla parola «convertitevi e credete al vangelo», perché le folle che accorrono da Gesù, davanti a questi gesti divini, sono chiamate a credere e a convertirsi. Se questo non accade, i miracoli non servono, come spiega Matteo in un altro passo: «Allora si mise a rimproverare le città nelle quali aveva compiuto il maggior numero di miracoli, because they did not repent: Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida. Because, if in Tyre and Sidon they had been done the miracles that were done among you, some time would have repented, ravvolte nel cilicio e nella cenere» (Mt 11,20-21). La guarigione più grande che Dio può operare è quella dalla nostra incredulità.

Finally, forse collegato a ciò che abbiamo appena detto, notiamo la piccola discrepanza fra i «tutti» che accorrono a Gesù per essere sanati (vv. 32.33.37) e i «molti» che invece, actually, sono guariti: «Guarì molti che erano afflitti da varie malattie» (v. 34). That, But, viene superata dal vocabolario della risurrezione usato da Marco. Infatti il verbo che Marco adopera per narrare la guarigione della suocera di Pietro — «la sollevò» del v. 31) — è molto importante nel Nuovo Testamento, perché non ricorre soltanto nei contesti delle guarigioni (MC 2,9.11; 5,41; 9,27), ma soprattutto nel racconto della risurrezione di Lazzaro (GV 12,1.9) e di Cristo (ad es.: At 3,15; RM 10,9). Come Gesù è stato capace di sollevare la suocera di Simone, così sarà capace di dare la vita ai morti, to everyone. Si chiarisce allora la strada che vuol farci percorrere Marco per arrivare a conoscere chi è Gesù. Colui che nell’apertura del Vangelo viene definito come «Figlio di Dio» (MC 1,1), come il Battezzatore nello Spirito Santo (v. 8), come il «Figlio prediletto» (v. 11) è finalmente svelato nel suo essere nei confronti degli uomini: è colui che è «venuto» («uscito», verbatim, dal verbo exérchomai; cf.. v. 38) agli uomini perché lo ascoltino e siano guariti dalle loro infermità.

Il racconto della giornata di Gesù prosegue col riposo, ma poi «al mattino presto si alzò quando ancora era buio e, uscito, si ritirò in un luogo deserto, e là pregava. Simone e quelli che erano con lui si misero sulle sue tracce. Lo trovarono e gli dissero: «Tutti ti cercano!» (MC 1,35-37). Non sappiamo a quale luogo deserto possa riferirsi l’evangelista, ma certo non doveva essere distante dal lago. Marco ha già accennato alla preghiera di Gesù, nella forma celebrata in sinagoga. Questa preghiera mattutina e personale, come apprendiamo anche da altre tradizioni evangeliche, sembra essere il modo in cui il Signore riconduce tutto al Padre: quello che ha vissuto dalla sera precedente, quello che lo aspetterà nel giorno che continua. Così Gesù insegna ai discepoli che la preghiera è indispensabile per fare unità nella propria vita.

From the Hermitage, 4 February 2024

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Sant'Angelo Cave in Ripe (Civitella del Tronto)

 

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A good priest is such if he waits for the end of his mandate to praise his Bishop: Andrea Turazzi, from today Bishop emeritus of the Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro

A GOOD PRIEST IS SUCH IF TO PRAISE HIS BISHOP HE WAITS FOR THE END OF HIS EPISCOPAL MANDATE: ANDREA TURAZZI, FROM TODAY BISHOP EMERITUS OF THE DIOCESE OF SAN MARINO-MONTEFELTRO

«Venerable Bishop, I want you to know that during your episcopate you gave me the ten best years of my priesthood, this is something for which I will always be deeply grateful to you"

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From today H.E. Mons. Andrea Turazzi he is Bishop emeritus of San Marino-Montefeltro, my Diocese of belonging.

My Bishop for a year, after meeting me he told me in that distant May 2015: «You were born to be a hunter and I was born to be a veterinarian». He smiled at me fondly and continued: «Both hunters and veterinarians are needed in the Church, just please don't shoot with heavy buckshot, if anything use smaller pellets".

For a priest, not loving a Bishop who presents himself in this way is impossible. And I loved my Bishop, even though I have never said it publicly, because it would not have been appropriate and prudent.

Last year, while a controversy was raging into which I had directly dived with my cassock on without even undressing and putting on my bathing suit, mi said: «I don't question your reasons, impeccable on a doctrinal and theological level, I just ask you to try to be a little more moderate". After extending this invitation to me he added: "Sure, no one can say that you lack courage, maybe you even have too much of it. For this I don't feel like addressing you in any way, for this is your nature and the character God has given you, no one can ask you to be different than you are, I only ask you for a little moderation in the legitimate controversy, nothing more".

As always I listened to him. And a few days later I sent him a private message in which I thanked him in these terms: «Venerable Bishop, I want you to know that during your episcopate you gave me the ten best years of my priesthood, this is something for which I will always be deeply grateful to you".

If to use these words of affection he's someone like me, that I did not hesitate to publicly call a powerful Cardinal a criminal, stating that I would have preferred to deal with those of the Banda della Magliana rather than with him and his henchmen (cf.. WHO), this means that I had the grace of having as Bishop an authentic man of God and a true model of a Pastor in the care of souls, something that is increasingly rare in these sad times that the universal Church is experiencing. In his life and in his episcopal government my Bishop was an elevated model and living realization of the teaching of the Fathers of the Church who exhort:

«All the priests, in union with the bishops, they participate in the same and unique priesthood and ministry of Christ, in such a way that the same unity of consecration and mission requires the hierarchical communion of presbyters with the order of bishops […] The bishops therefore, thanks to the gift of the Holy Spirit which is granted to priests in sacred ordination, they have in them the necessary collaborators and advisors in the ministry and in the function of instructing, sanctify and govern the people of God […] For this common participation in the same priesthood and ministry, bishops should therefore consider priests as brothers and friends, and take care of them, in everything they can, their material and above all spiritual well-being" (See. By decree of the Presbyters of the Order, n. 7).

Only now who no longer has the power of pastoral governance over the Diocese and over me, I can publicly say how much I revered it, appreciated and loved my Bishop. And how difficult it wasn't for me at all, with a Bishop like that, put into practice this exhortation of the Fathers of the Church:

«I presbiteri, for their part, keeping in mind the fullness of the sacrament of orders enjoyed by bishops, let them venerate in them the authority of Christ the supreme shepherd. Let them therefore be united to their bishop with sincere charity and obedience. This priestly obedience, pervaded by the spirit of collaboration, it is based on the same participation of the episcopal ministry, conferred on priests through the sacrament of orders and the canonical mission" (See. By decree of the Presbyters of the Order, n. 7).

To the bishop It is due filial respect and devout obedience by the presbyter, We solemnly promise this on the day we receive priestly consecration. And I respected and obeyed my Bishop, because it was due to him. Then I also respected and loved him, but not because it was due to him, because neither esteem nor love is due to any Bishop as such; if I poured them on him, it's because he deeply deserved them.

Sorry for the Brother Priests and it hurts believers of Christ of this Diocese of Feretra that the mandate of the Bishop has not been extended. One would almost scream "wasteful".!” in front of a man of 75 years in perfect physical health, equipped with all the necessary human and spiritual strengths, of knowledge and wisdom. But on the other hand, the Rome of the "field hospital Church" and of the "existential suburbs" seems accustomed to it, today even more than yesterday, to decide on the dry cards, especially when it comes to the much vaunted "suburbs".

I have no idea who his successor is because I don't know him, I only know that his name is Domenico Beneventi, 49 year old, priest of the Diocese of Acerenza, a Diocese particularly dear to Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe, very active and industrious in recent times in presenting new suitable candidates for the episcopate. From now on I wish the new elected Bishop not only to be respected and obeyed, as due to him by sacramental bond; I also wish him to be loved and esteemed as his predecessor was. But the love and esteem of the clergy and the faithful must be earned at a high price, often even at the cost of tears and blood, precisely because they are not necessary things. This is the hardest work for any Bishop, which always translates into success only in authentic men of God, ready to conform to the mystery of the Cross of Christ the Lord.

 

the Island of Patmos, 3 February 2024

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