In a world that escapes the reality of illness, disability, of old age and death, urge the commitment of Catholics in the world of health for a new humanism

– health ministry –

IN A WORLD THAT ESCAPES THE REALITY OF DISEASE, DISABILITY, THE OLD AGE AND DEATH, URGE THE COMMITMENT OF CATHOLICS IN THE WORLD OF HEALTH FOR A NEW HUMANISM

Pursuing the assistance to the sick, I I am made a participant in the sufferings of Christ in the flesh of the sick, the disabled or terminally ill, This leads me to operate salvation only when I know myself to handing care instrument in God's hands. The church, which differs according to roles, ministries and charisms, It has the ability to be caring and relief tool in many areas of life that require remediation. In the world of health in particular […]

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Author
Ivano Liguori, Ofm. Capp.

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One of flowers in the buttonhole of the church in past centuries it is from service of the sick, the destitute and disabled. Flower which is in itself a real pro-vocation. At the time,, the only real hope to have a hot meal, a clean bed and decent treatment came from Christian communities. And note: not only yesterday. Although today more newsworthy priests with serious moral disorder especially related to sexuality.

It was the Christian Middle Ages to give an ethical foundation to hospitalites. Yes Name known by the ancients, But only as an attitude or individual option and legal obligation towards the guest, it was stated in the low latinity as a shared command, as a service to the needy and suffering in the context of a Christian life proclaimed religion of the poor " [cf. G. Cosmacini, The long art. History of medicine from ancient times to today, Laterza Bari, 2009, pp. 11-118].

The era of the so-called Counter-Reform and the Council of Trent longwave respond to the prompting of the Holy Spirit not only with the refutation of Luther's theses, but also creating a new force within the Church in front of countless emergencies they saw in the poor and sick the privileged subject of an ecclesial response capable of proclaiming the health and salvation. We see the emergence of new religious congregations and associations that have used their charisma to man's liberation from various forms of poverty and illness. It is also historically demonstrated commitment by the Catholic Church "in the modern age, the centuries of the great famines and new infectious diseases such as smallpox and cholera. Catholic institutions were actively involved in the care and relief of suffering of the sick but also in research, innovation, in the formation of a real medical and surgical technique science ' [cf. Hospitals, in G. Bar, M.A. Iannaccone, M. Rejected (edited) Dictionary Elementary Apologetic ed. east, Milan, 2015 p. 379].

The common vocation of the Church to care for the sick, the disabled and the poor - in the light of the Good Samaritan - generated centuries in the authentic heroes who have been a constant challenge and a daily challenge to indifference of the increasingly secularized world and away from God. But unfortunately, for some time, we are seeing a tightening progressive autonomy of the world of health that wants to free itself from the tutelage of the Church, with the consequent sliding of those ethical values, anthropological and religious who have characterized the health service - doctors and nurses - for so many centuries. This phenomenon occurs in prejudice and the nullification of those fundamental values ​​that manifest their ontological dignity only when viewed in reference to the person of the Creator. This scenario - well documented by news of suicide cases, euthanasia, abortion and end of life - leads to precise nihilistic choices that harm life and feed the Scrap culture within the social fabric. Before these distortions, Christians themselves faithful in danger of getting used to and show some indulgence to actually morally unacceptable that also occur in the diocesan and parish territory.

Already John Paul II He expressed this concern 30 December 1988, on the occasion of the liturgical feast of the Holy Family:

"We think, Furthermore, the multiple violations for which is presently subjected the human person. When he not recognized and loved in his dignity as the living image of God [cf. Gen 1, 26], the human being is exposed to more humiliating and degrading forms of "manipulation", making it the strongest miserably slave. And "the stronger" can take a variety of names: ideology, economic power, political and inhumane systems, scientific technocracy, intrusiveness of the mass media. Again we are faced with a multitude of people, our brothers and sisters, whose fundamental rights are violated, even after the excessive tolerance and to the clear injustice of certain civil laws: the right to life and, the right to housing and employment, the right to a family and responsible procreation, the right to participate in public and political life, the right to freedom of conscience and religious Test " [cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Christefideles laici, n°5].

Inevitably it requires a vigorous response and very clear by the Church through its members are active with passionate commitment in the fields of politics, of the company and of the ecclesial community to be returned to man the primitive image that God had in mind in creating. That same image that Christ raised and transfigured by his resurrection.

In front of the many emergencies that affect the overall health of each individual you can not opt ​​for such behavior to the many social and humanitarian organizations who see the struggle and the political demands for the mirage of poverty defeat, injustice and disease. Some utopian ideologies of the '900 have proven largely unsuccessful, and have left behind them a major crisis that increased the rate of poverty and disease in the world. Only under the action of the Holy Spirit and in docility to the grace of the heart that can lead even to martyrdom, you can build a road to lead man back to its original beauty, pointing to a new concept of man who in Christ - Behold the man - its most complete realization and successful: "You are the fairest of the sons, on your lips grace is poured, therefore God has blessed you for ever " [cf. Shall 45,3].

The first step for a new humanism, From the welcome begins without reservations of Christ in his humanity and divinity. It is what we can see realized in the life of the Virgin Mary when she herself becomes attentive in service to the pregnancy of her cousin Elizabeth as a result of received angel. Right from the contemplation and acceptance of God's plan on their person, Mary becomes the new Jerusalem where the divine spouse gets permanent home. This stability of the Word of God in the womb of the Virgin, turns into caring action towards Elizabeth's needs. Therefore, the reception of the Word made man leads me to contemplation and consequently effective action.

The humanism that center on the foundation of Jesus and God's man, not afraid to make the truth about his origins and traditions and recognize objective with sincerity the Christian foundations of a world that has had in the womb of Christianity its most prosperous development. The same in health care created a missionary zeal to act only for the good of men and not to keep structures, most of the time, interested in profit and personal interests, or individual power groups. Only if we have a look on the world and the things of the world God's way, the structures of sin can be converted into structures of redemption.

Let's try to clarify the concept "so that Christ be born in you". Some may now turn up your nose, but it is my profound conviction that to practice the assistance to the patient is essential to have a look on the mystery of God, I can not ignore this, because God is love [cf. 1GV 4,9], and love seriously only in the style of God. Because of this Christ can only be born in those who wish to be travel friends in suffering, since it is the most concrete example, stable love brought to the end [cf. GV 13,1]. Moreover, the same component of mystery illness in itself contains, and that man is not able to explain his own strength [cf. Gb 38,2-4; 42,3], It can be illuminated only by the mystery of God.

Pursuing the assistance to the sick I am made a participant in the sufferings of Christ in the flesh of the sick, the disabled or terminally ill, This leads me to operate salvation only when I know myself to handing care instrument in God's hands. The church, which differs according to roles, ministries and charisms, It has the ability to be caring and relief tool in many areas of life that require remediation. In the world of health in particular, there is so much need to have lay people who through their baptismal priesthood offering to God - in the altar of daily life - their work and their specialized service for the salvation of so many brothers in view of a global recovery.

Also John Paul II reminds us that:

"Also the same hospitals and Catholic nursing homes is becoming more numerous, and sometimes even total and exclusive, the presence of the lay faithful, men and women: their own, medici, nurses, other health workers, volunteers, They are called to be the living image of Christ and his Church in showing love towards the sick and the suffering " [cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Christefideles laici, n°53].

But you must, indeed urgent that, in all health facilities of this world, Christian lay faithful become prophets and witnesses to the healing power of the risen Christ.

Paul VI the 23 March 1965 encountering a group of health professionals was able to say:

"Assist, cure, heal the human suffering, ensure and restore to man healthy, efficient life, What other activities can be for dignity, Screenshots, for idealism - after, but alongside that priestly - higher than your '.

The Catholic doctor, Catholic nurses, Catholic social health and so on, They can not steer their professional conscience above all to the Lord and know that he will have to give account of every brother. Like this, l'Act in knowledge and belief, means just that my intellect enlightened by divine grace, Driving my works so I take care of the patient who is visibly expressed my responsibility as a man and as a Christian. In this case thea witness of a holy doctor, Giuseppe Moscati, its medical students is very enlightening:

"Remember that, following medicine, It assumes responsibility for a sublime mission. continue, with God in the heart, with the teachings of your father and your mother forever in the memory, with love and compassion for the bereaved, with faith and enthusiasm, deaf to praise and criticism, tetragono envy, willing only to the good ".

The Catholic laity, which operates in the healthcare world, He must constantly ask the light and strength of the Holy Spirit to loose the chains of convenience, dell'utilitarismo, of fear, compromises, of blackmail, of discrimination, the culture of death and the gap so often present in our hospitals, clinics. Since a times, the fearful awe of their primary or nurse - Today the facility manager and coordinator - inhibit the witness of faith and make several of the fearful Catholics health professionals before the power of the world. Let us always remember Christ and his words: "In the world you have tribulation, but take courage: I have overcome the world!» [cf. GV 16,33]. And thereand tribulations give us patience [cf. RM 5,3] and the foresight to know that at the end, the Lord will be the winner and we with him.

I want to quote again St. Joseph Moscati that spurs us on the path of goodness:

"In all your works, Look at Heaven, and the eternity of life and soul, and then you'd prefer very differently from how well you suggest human considerations, and your business will be inspired by the good '.

The world of healthcare is the ground on which to scatter the good seed of the Word of Life and the workers of this harvest are the many Christians who, through their professionalism are called to clean up this field from weeds growing close to good wheat. The activities of lay Christians in the health world is sometimes more decisive than that of the clergy. They represent the leaven of good [cf. Mt 13,33] and the salt that gives savor [cf. Mt 5,13] in all those contexts and areas of work in which ordained ministers - for different reasons - can not get there and this is a good reason that leads to hope for evangelization. In fact, "the many challenges in the world of health, the Church responds first with a joyful message of hope, founded on the certainty of the resurrection of Jesus Christ and, so, love and faithfulness of God's healing and saving. Of this hope wants to account [cf. 1PT 3,15] through respectful dialogue, an honest discussion and active cooperation " [cf. Pastoral Note Preach the gospel and heal the sick. The Christian community and the health care ministry, n°19].

The voice of so many lay believers in the health world It can be the difference to the many possible catastrophic scenarios where the man's body and his health can break when finally loses the bond with God.

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Sanluri, 28 September 2023

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Fernando Botero has died, enhancer of the fat colors of life and antagonist of contemporary artistic anorexia

FERNANDO BOTERO IS DEAD, ENHANCER OF THE FAT COLORS OF LIFE AND ANTAGONIST OF CONTEMPORARY ARTISTIC ANOREXIA

The inspiration, creative flair, genius is useless, if this grandeur is not always accompanied by hard work and sacrifice. Along with this dedication to work there was always the choice of one's life: «Do what we like, never stop doing what you like and what makes you feel good".

- Actuality -

Author:
Jorge Facio Lynx
President of Editions The island of Patmos

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I grew up thereshadow of the first sculpture by the master Fernando Botero, woman torso, known to all as the fat girl O the GOrda de Berrio in reference to the Parque de Berrío square where the statue was located before its move to the theme park created in honor of the artist. This statue gigantic and voluminous it was built in 1987 and measure of 2 meters e 48 centimeters tall, one meter and 76 in width, 1 metro e 7 centimeters deep.

The statue had been installed in front of the regional headquarters of the State Bank and in front of a square that was one of the main bus and taxi stops, as well as being a meeting point. The shape of the sculpture always left me amazed and wondering: «Women are not like that, which colombian woman is fat like this?!». Yet my gaze always remained fixed on that work illuminated in a play of lights by the sun when the sun rose or set..

All the born in recent decades of the last century were delighted to observe this sculpture while the transformation of the city was underway with the construction of Colombia's first metro network in the City of Medellin, which marked the leap forward of the Andean metropolis from a semi-industrial agricultural city towards the new millennium which would project it towards tourism, including artistic tourism, thanks not least to maestro Fernando Botero. In some metro stations there are works of art inspired by him, in others you can feel his spirit and style and in one particularly, the one near the square where his stands Gorda today a beautiful thing rises art park with several voluminous Boterian statues.

In those years there was noIt was an exhibition space intended for this great interpreter of our time, in fact there was no real space for art at all. And for me, as for many of my other compatriots, the first reference to the world of fine arts was the master Fernando Botero, whose artistic creativity we were able to catch even in passing while waiting for some transport service or some person. Today, the new generations, not only can they contemplate the numerous works scattered throughout the city, because thanks to his patronage - which made him the greatest contemporary patron that the city of Medellin and Colombia itself had - he favored the creation of the various exhibition spaces with his works and those of European masters, previously excluded if they were not mentioned in history books and encyclopedias [1].

The figure of Fernando Botero it has always been outside the artistic environment for me, model and memory of a virile figure with whom I grew up, so were my grandparents and the men of my land. Always interested in the good of the family, in union and harmony in beautiful moments as well as in difficult and painful ones. A family unit also involved in the interests and activities of paterfamilias, as the Master's children have said on several occasions, when in their father's memory they explained that in the creation of their works he asked them to help him paint the canvas. Some details were then used by him as decorations in the lower margins of his works, other children's jobs have been cancelled, but in them remained the memory and the teaching of having helped their father by participating in his artistic efforts.

This kind of men they tried to nourish the habit, today unfortunately lost or forgotten, to get the family together to spend time in a specific place. Of course, in the case of the maestro, one cannot help but admire his high taste for having chosen the beautiful Tuscan town of Pietrasanta in the province of Lucca[2]. like the environment in which every time he could he had his whole family come to live days with moments full of affection to remember for a lifetime. Even before developing his style and his works, one of the main teachings that he never stopped transmitting, especially to his family and his few friends - Botero was a very private person - it was his work: «there is only one 5% inspirational and 95% of sweating", because in his view every kind of job had to be so well done and tiring that it made you sweat.

The inspiration, creative flair, the genius they are of no use, if this grandeur is not always accompanied by hard work and sacrifice. Along with this dedication to work there was always the choice of one's life: «Do what we like, never stop doing what you like and what makes you feel good". In one of the latest documentaries made in his honor, the teacher, at the end of the video, he looks sitting on a chair in front of a small and simple house typical of the rural areas of the city. Speaking to the interviewer he complains of the sadness he felt due to the knowledge that he would soon die and he still had many things to do, and this made him feel happy. The work, that job he had chosen to follow all his life, it gave him pleasure, because he chose to do so.

The characteristic style dthe artist called “butterism", it is not made up of fat but "voluminous" figures depicted in different scenarios and situations, following the European tradition that came to life in the Renaissance with Michelangelo, Mantegna, Raffaello, Piero della Francesca[3]. Accompanied in his sculptural art by the inspiration of the serene monumentalism of Paolo Uccello. A figurative style combined with a colorful and lovable aesthetic that drew inspiration from the dramatic style of the early years muralists Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco, subsequently deepened during his stay in Europe while studying in the Academies of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Spain, with studies on the works of Goya and Velázquez, and at the Accademia Fiorentina di San Marco with the study of Titian's works, Giotto and Botticelli[4]. The Master thus projects himself into the 1980s with the development of the expanded volume of the form which, despite the "exaggerated" dimensions, does not disturb the proportion of the figure in all its characteristics., without giving up those influences that are the traits of his Colombian homeland, vibrant color, lively and brilliant, inspired by his own hometown of Medellin, known for urbanizations rich in exaggerated and marked chromaticism that recalls that style naive capable of transmitting the carefree notes of a peaceful life in the open air, up to the painful "accents" of the violence seen and experienced.

It seems that in the fifties the Master found its stylistic dimension when in the creation of the still life study he applied the "dilation" to the mandolin. The artist was viscerally struck by the result of his form dilated beyond the natural, thus generating the evocation of a profound sensuality as a sign of vitality, of joy and prosperity that this voluminous expression will become in the years to come, original character all of its own recognized worldwide. This is how he describes this significant moment in an interview in 2007:

«What happened was very simple. I was drawing a mandolin with a very generous profile as I learned from the Italians. Then, the moment I cut the hole in the mandolin, I made it very small. Suddenly, this mandolin became huge, monumental due to the contrast between the small detail and the generous outline. I saw that something happened there. I immediately started trying to visualize other subjects. It took a long time – 10, 15 years – before I developed a more or less coherent vision of what I wanted to do, but at the beginning it was that little sketch inspired by my love for Italian art" (see WHO).

At the beginning of the seventies its commercial listing begins[5] and critical acclaim, after he had taken up residence in Europe[6]. It was then that the Maestro began to create sculptures following the voluminous style that seems to emerge from the canvases to acquire the three-dimensionality known in his works scattered around the world[7].

The Eighties, until the first years of the new century, characterize the master's artistic research with depictions and scenes of violence experienced with the war on drug trafficking in Medellin and the pictorial cycle on the different report on the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison by members of the United States military and the CIA during the Iraq war.

Regardless of public and commercial recognition, a certain form of artistic criticism has never been positive or lenient towards him. Since his first exhibitions in the United States, several North American critics have judged him in a destructive manner - unlike the public who has deeply appreciated him since his first works - defining the artist and his art as «not belonging to contemporary evolution; simplistic and caricatured human figures inserted in sunny contexts of family life; lack of seriousness about his sculptures which deprived him of a specific critical examination". But to define it: «A simple commercial phenomenon of a self-referential author disconnected from reality» (see WHO).

Although this may appear to be a subjective or biased judgement, I think I can say that the Master was one of the few, if not the last great artist who during his lifetime had maintained the quality and value of his works at a very high level. Also in this regard there are several testimonies told by the family members themselves who remember times in the past, during periods of difficulty and economic hardship, when he was already recognized for his skill but had not yet had any economic results, but full of so much imagination, walked through the cities where, if he found some piece of wood or steel that he thought would be useful to him, he would take it and use it to create toys for his children or utensils for the house. The lack of money therefore abounded with imagination and the desire to always create something new and useful.

The Maestro was a great enthusiast of many sports, especially football, one of the most followed sports in his native Colombia, especially in Medellin. This great interest in football among Colombians, from the first years of life, finds confirmation in the work Children playing soccer (children playing football).

Horse riding is represented indirectly on a canvas that turned out to be the work that marked one of the saddest moments of the artist's life: Pedro on horseback. Painting described by the Author himself as the painting he had painted with the greatest pain in his life and for this reason he considered it the work he loved most and also his master work. This canvas was born from the mourning he had with the death of his four-year-old son in a car accident in Spain in the Seventies. This canvas is located in the museum of the Author's region of origin and is a portrait where blue predominates of a child riding a toy horse, in the lower corners the painful scenes of the father who saw his dead son and then the scene of the grieving parents inside the empty house are depicted (see WHO).

The cycle of his bullfighting works mainly made in the 1980s, it is considered as the "artist's confession", a reflection on death and its presence in an exercise of nostalgia and struggle on the dramatic scenes of bullfighting. Personally I remember my period of study at the University of Salamanca, when a professor tries to argue the meaning and universal value of bullfighting, explained that before the race the bulls lived free, strong and served like gods. Only the strongest and most majestic specimens were chosen who had earned the opportunity to demonstrate all their race and panache in the Arena., "on equal terms" between the ugly and pure power of the bull against the mastery of the dance and provocation of the bullfighter. In the opinion of the professor of classical culture, it is a modern version of the gladiator fight, or even more the modern evocation of man's struggles against the mythological and divine figures of antiquity; where the skill of the man who fights and even puts his life at risk, without anything written or defined as in game managed only by, of fate.

As an explanation of bullfighting made the subject of the Master's pictorial art, the traditions of his native homeland remain. In the same city of Medellin there is a very renowned Arena in the Andean area, and the opening of the season racing it marked a particularly significant date in the social life of the citizens. If football matches were the epicenters of passion and popular interests in the city, the days in the arena with its bullfighting shows were the fulcrum for the city's upper middle class classes.

According to some sources close to the master it was the taste for bullfighting that generated the love for painting in the young Fernando Botero. Significant, within this pictorial cycle, the work The goring, oil on canvas, 1998. Emblematic demonstration of the artist's passion for bulls and his reflection on death characterized by the satisfying expression depicted on the bullfighter's face after being gored. Other relevant works are dying bull 1985, Death of Ramfrom the Torres, 1986.

The cycle of works on violence in Colombia has raised many questions in South American academic and art critical circles regarding the relationship between reality and art, especially how they feed, art and violence align or deny each other. For some, the connection between art and reality in these works maintains a possible meaning only on a social level as the artist's representation constitutes an "objectification" of the experience to make it accessible to those who contemplate it. As a result, the artist's creations, they are a rational necessity, not a simple desire, nor a whim or a psychological need. Those who look at those works are encouraged to focus their attention on the concrete state of social reality or of the individual, without promoting or glorifying an ideological or political system that would end up putting the very autonomy of art at risk, making it a political tool or a means of dissuasion and distraction for those who observe the artistic work.

Others consider this connection to form a single whole which allows both the artist and those who observe his works the possibility of grasping a position and a concrete choice of a specific historical moment of life and reality. Creating like this, not the arbitrary creative sense of inspiration and/or contemplation; but as a condition of possibility both for artistic creativity and for the culture and subjective experience of those who contemplate. The condition of possibility and/or choice becomes, like this, a compromise of individual production that offers meaning and purpose to works of art as aspirations, motivations for the community and for the singularity of both the artist and the visitor.

Other opinions have cataloged this pictorial cycle as a hedonistic act of a self-referential artist who lives in a pseudo-expressionist "limbo" of failed realism intensified by the accentuation of certain particular aspects through grotesque figures that bring the gravity of the armed conflict experienced in Colombia to a trivialization very close to caricature. The Maestro himself had to return to talk about his pictorial cycle on several occasions, in one of them he said:

«I have always expressed, and I did it until recently: art is to give pleasure and not to annoy or distress the public. Who has seen a sad impressionist painting? when you saw a sad Titian? a sad Velazquez? Great painting has a positive attitude towards life. I am against art that transforms itself into a witness of time as a combat weapon. But faced with the drama that was experienced in Colombia, the moment had come in which I felt the moral obligation to leave my testimony on the irrational moment in the history of my country. I don't pretend that these paintings can fix anything, in fact I am convinced that they will not solve anything. I am aware that art changes nothing, those responsible for the changes are solely politicians. I just want to leave a testimony as an artist who lived and felt his homeland and his time. It would be like saying: look at the madness in which we live, Let's hope it never happens again. I don't do "committed art", that art that aspires to transform things, I don't believe in that kind of art" (see WHO)

The cycle of works on the female world of maestro Botero the large number of works demonstrates the artist's attention and interest in women, a theme that he himself considers to be one of the main themes of universal art. The choice to represent voluminous women contrary to the canon of thinness imposed on women, it is not so much a choice of protest against the stereotypes that are inculcated as a model of beauty, but as a style and personal conviction as a painter and sculptor who transforms the shapes of voluminous subjects into a source of joy. And art must always generate and transmit pleasure. The voluminousness, according to Fernando Botero, was born in flat painting during the Middle Ages, but it was Italian artists who developed the volume from the Renaissance onwards. The voluminousness is almost a "sort of miracle" that still remains as it is. Today this volume - reiterates the Maestro - has become part of the history and of the very perception of art. But it was like a "lightning bolt" that can still be seen and whose sound can still be heard; miracle from which, today again, we were amazed. Among the most significant works of these themes there are numerous paintings of an erotic nature such as Woman with lipstick (woman with lipstick) watercolor and ink on paper, 2002, Bath, pencil work on paper, 2002.

So far, there is no total figure for the number of works by the artist, nor even a reasoned and updated catalog - also considering the many donations of works that the Maestro has made in recent years, including many works and most of his most representative sculptures -, cycles like that of violence still exist, but also a series of paintings from his youth - it must be considered that the artist painted almost every day from the age of 14 years until the compliment of his 90 year old; works that are private property of the family and have not been catalogued. In the same way, what is missing is a detailed survey around the world of "boterist" art; according to the rough estimate it could exceed more 2000 works between canvases, sketches, caricatures and illustrations for newspapers.

Among his exhibitions in Italy must be considered: Rome, Palazzo Venezia, 2005, where he presented his pictorial cycle to the public with fifty canvases that testified to the screams of protest full of a disturbing force against the injustice committed against prisoners in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. Works where one must note the care taken in the use of perspective which changes based on the positioning of the prison bars: the spectator is projected both outside and inside the cells. All this enhances the sense of identification in victims, almost as if there was a reversal of position between those who observe and those who suffer, functional to feel the suffering of others. The images appear more compromising, deeply disturbing and disturbing, as much as the crimes committed. The artistic urgency to express the anger and indignation felt, meant that the Colombian artist dedicated himself to the project for over a year and that in the end, according to what he himself said, it led him to a sense of emptiness where he had nothing left to say. Following Palermo, Palace of the Normans, 2015, considered the artistic event of the year in the city, and in which maestro Botero himself declared that for the creation of Judas he was inspired by a mafioso as contained in this beautiful testimony of his:

«I was fascinated by Italian art and the importance it gives to shapes and volume. I was seduced by the sensuality of Italian painting, by its roundness. Now thinner shapes are preferred, thin women, but at the beginning of the century, rounder ones were preferred. A sensitivity that changes" (see WHO).

In 2016 did a traveling exhibition with the most significant stops in Palermo and Rome entitled: Way of the cross. Christ's passion in which he addressed one of the most covered themes in Western sacred painting from the Renaissance to the present day: the passion and death of Jesus Christ. Cycle of sumptuous colors and shapes through rounded and cold subjects. Recurring sacred theme even though the teacher is not considered a religious person, however, he recognized how the religious theme had in itself a beautiful and long artistic tradition. The Way of the cross, centerpiece of the exhibition, it is the artist's reinterpretation in which he mixes Latin American traditions and realities with the biblical theme, demonstrating the importance of the drama of Jesus' last days which marked the whole of humanity forever. In these oils Jesus appears very human, without halos, interpreter of the suffering of the world. The master's research is done on the combination of historical truth mixed with some truths, such as for example the use of contemporary characters connected to the image of Christ who testifies with Botero's own style to his being a believer but not a practitioner, profoundly respectful of the sphere of the sacred without falling into satire. The Master's in-depth study of the dramatic subject - a subject studied as a favorite theme of art until the sixteenth century - which in the twentieth century could have and offer a new vision according to contemporary sensitivity (see WHO).

In 2017, at Palazzo Forti in Verona, the monographic exhibition was held to pay homage to fifty years of career with 50 masterpieces that summarized the dreamlike dimension, fantastic and fairy-tale with an echo of nostalgia among animals, men; re-enactment of his native continent of Latin America. An exhibition followed in Bologna, at Palazzo Pallavicini, in the autumn of 2019, with 50 works including mixed media drawings and color watercolors with the theme of bullfighting and the circus (see WHO)

It will remain in the memory and in the history of art the exhibition Boatman to Parma with 47 plaster casts, bronzes and several paintings at the Governor's Palace in 2013. During, the opening party the Master declared:

«Art must give pleasure to the public, do not cause suffering or disturb. Sculptures and paintings must speak clearly" there must be no barriers to understanding" (see WHO)

There are countless sculptures by the master Fernando Botero around the world but for the love that the Fathers of The Island of Patmos have towards cats ― faithful companions of hard work and long days of work in the creation of their texts ― we must mention the Botero's Cat, sculpture by 7 meters wide per 2 meters high and 2 thick with long tail and comical snout, now a distinctive symbol of the Raval neighborhood of Barcelona. Mammoth cat that between the 1987, year in which the municipality of Barcelona purchased it, and the 2003, changed location within the city more than four times - almost as if to represent the felines that will continually circle and move until they have found the perfect place to stay, like our cat Bruno who climbed onto my computer desk while I was writing these lines about Botero's cat, turning forcefully in front of me, sometimes preventing the view of the screen or other times sitting on the keyboard as master of the space. Indeed, as happened with Botero's Cat, he has to try different seats and body positions before choosing what he thinks will be the most comfortable place, solemn and more visible (see WHO).

Vittorio Sgarbi in an interview given on the day of the Maestro's death, regarding the figure of Fernando Botero he defined him as an artist of life. A painter who in each of his works represents the scene of a comedy where both the context of the work and the subject of the canvas themselves tell a song to life in their daily lives. This joy and cheerfulness of Botero was in a certain sense revolutionary against the common thread of twentieth-century art, especially that generated by the avant-gardes who have certainly and masterfully expressed the crisis, the tragedy and drama of man and civilization after two wars, with psychoanalysis and the social struggle for the freedoms and rights of the sexes. On the one hand it is very easy to paint tragedy, especially when you experience situations of continuous anguish, while it is much more difficult to tell stories, fairy tales and magic with the colors of life; This also gives rise to the choice of fat or voluminous models. Fat evokes and represents happiness while thinness represents sadness, the drama and the pain. Fernando Botero is an artist who remains faithful to tradition in the use of technique, of the colors and also of the choice of the theme such as celebrating and enhancing the colors of its magical-fantastic Christmas region.

Regarding the words expressed by Fernando Botero in Parma In the 2013, Vittorio Sgarbi reiterated that these were the reasons why his art had become universal, its simplicity allowed it to reach and welcome any type of audience and to cross any historical period or form of artistic criticism. The universality of the master Fernando Botero has not only transcended the boundaries of specifically artistic or academic environments, but also social ones. The artist himself was aware of this universality demonstrated with his words in one of his interviews, when telling the anecdote of a trip to the Colombian Amazon, being located in the Puerto Nariño region, inside a small, poor house he found a reproduction of one of his works, this thing leaves him enraptured.

With Fernando Botero he dies one of the last greats in the history of twentieth century painting.

 

the Island of Patmos, 27 September 2023

 

NOTE

[1] The last known donation is more than that 700 works to the museums and squares that beautify Colombia. Throughout his life Fernando Botero sponsored scholarships intended for talents who could continue their studies both within Colombia and abroad in the areas of music, the plastic arts, letters and literature. Ana Maria Escallón, author of the book Botero: new works on canvas and who participated in supporting one of the largest donations that became part of the national heritage, explains this donation as a total act of charity by the artist, who didn't want to keep anything with him and for this reason had donated everything he had with the aim of giving Colombia an international outlook on art (see WHO).

[2] His bond with Italy which he loved so much that he considered it his second home, and as I wrote above, a suitable place to share periods full of intimate and affectionate encounters with his children and grandchildren was achieved with the donation of the work to the Municipality of Pietrasanta The warrior, bronze nude of over four meters located in Piazza Matteotti from 1992 (see WHO).

[3] «I am someone who protests against modern painting, but in any case I use what is hidden or behind it: the ironic game and what it means is now recognized by everyone. I paint figurative and realist, but with a strict sense of fidelity to nature; I will never give a brush stroke that is not a description of something real: a mouth, of the hills, a tree. But what I describe is the reality found by me. It could be formulated this way: I make a realist description of an unrealistic reality" (see WHO).

[4] L'argentina Maria Traba (1930-1983) Writer, art critic and important figure of the avant-garde of the seventies, she was a decisive scholar in the recognition and credibility of Colombian and South American artists of the last century. The theoretical work carried out on the works of Fernando Botero was the first artistic critical examination that supported the artist's work so as to act as a calling card for presenting himself at national and international exhibitions. The intellectual described Fernando Botero's art as a "Renaissance of stone" for his conception of the block of forms: «they pushed Botero towards monsters that represented a challenge to beauty and logic, consequently the opinion of the public which requires these two "theological" virtues of art (logic and beauty) however insignificant the figures may be in certain cases (are needed by the public) to give approval to an artist and his art, but the art that challenges if it is true can strike to the point of horror but will never go unnoticed. No one can fail to recognize the scandal caused by the enormous figures as well as the perplexity aroused by the incongruent actions that the monstrous figures carried out surrounded by an innocent gigantism in a suspicious immobility or a congregational dynamism leading Botero's art to impose itself in the cultural environment » (see WHO) [free translation by the author of this article with the updated critical opinion of the art critics who in 1961 he formulated this judgment only on the artist's pictorial works, ignoring all the subsequent sculpture work that had not yet been undertaken by the master]

[5] On several occasions when they asked the Maestro the reason for the very high price of his works, he himself explained that he had always wanted to do something local and specific but with honesty and this, not only did he generate empathy from the general public but also from collectors or art lovers who in the end paid generously above all for his honesty.

[6] For the anthropologist Maria Fernanda Escallón, Fernando Botero's plastic art began to be realized from 1975 when he took up residence in Pietrasanta where he made the transition from painting to sculpture. Just as if the entire universe of monumental figures developed in the paintings found an echo in the statuary three-dimensionality fueled by the imaginary richness coming from the painting that gave the ideas, solutions and possibilities. Fernando Botero's sculpture dismantles the pictorial structure to synthesize the form in the unity of the sculpture (see WHO)

[7] The Master's works can be grouped into these groups: religious with Madonnas, holy devils, ecclesiastics, nuns and nuns; that of the great masters in which he revisits the main works of Jan Van Eyck, Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Andrea Mantegna, Leonardo da Vinci, Lucas Cranach, Albrecht Dürer, Caravaggio, The Grego, Velazquez, etc. ..; that of still and living lifes with animals and especially the voluminous sculptures of recent decades; that of the erotic with nudes and sexual practices, especially brothel scenes; that of politicians, prima donnas and soldiers; and finally those made by people in general or imagined as family members, self-portraits, art sellers and collectors, toreri.

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The embarrassing and dangerous management of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints and criticism as the foundation of the Christian principle: “Faith and reason”

THE EMBARRASSING AND DANGEROUS MANAGEMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT FOR THE CAUSES OF SAINTS AND CRITICISM AS THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLE: FAITH AND REASON

The lower the average IQ in society becomes, the more it is necessary to explain even the obvious things. The mistake that we scholars often make, in the theological field as in the spheres of all the most disparate sciences, from medicine to astrophysics, is to often take for granted things that we consider obvious and which in fact are, being the most rudimentary elements of the various sciences or simple and basic human common sense. Unfortunately it is necessary to take into account that today we are more inclined to follow the influence illiterates and i tiktoker, including priests who unfortunately have thrown themselves into these "crazy games".

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In an article it is only possible to summarize a problem, but it is already something. Then, to anyone who would like to know more, I suggest reading my latest book Digressions of a liberal priest, where I dedicate a chapter of 138 pages on this topic, accompanied by all the historical implications, theological and juridical (Dal Bello to Moro. Holiness like the deceased Nobel Prize winner? P. 127-265).

I was perplexed when on the various social media I heard myself accused of criticizing the Holy Father Francis. In truth I have always defended his teaching and also his august person, often issuing public reproaches, hard and severe, to those "accidental Catholics" who think they can even declare a Roman Pontiff illegitimate based on their own subjective moods, something truly aberrant.

In my previous book provocatively titled Sadness of Love I do not criticize the post-synodal apostolic exhortation love joy, I highlight the excessive length of the text and its vague and ambiguous language full of useless and misleading sociologisms. Anyone who says otherwise is lying, this is demonstrated by the printed book of which some detractors have only read the title, deducing to follow what it does not contain, giving absurd sentences based on nothing.

I note with concern that an increasingly dense army of "self-styled Catholics" confuse the mystery of faith with an emotional "I like it" or "I don't like it". The whole, be it negative or positive, strictly based on a total lack of reason and critical sense. This is why I often find myself in this paradoxical situation: «Dirty Bergoglian heretic!» shouts the compulsive rosary reciter, considering me guilty of having defended the Holy Father Francis, after following a priest excommunicated for heresy and schism who was dismissed from the clerical state with a sentence given by the Roman Pontiff, capable of making his fragile and problematic followers believe that pink elephants fly in the sky according to the "Gospel" of Maria Valtorta and the "prophecies" of Blessed Katharina Emmerick and those of Saint Faustina Kowalska. On the other hand, here are some others: “How dare you criticize the Holy Father?», this for having simply expressed regret for his inappropriate and in my opinion harmful presence in television programs hosted by individuals who have always fired shots at the Catholic Church, or on its ethical and moral principles (see WHO e WHO).

If within the limits of what is due, bishops and theologians had not exercised in the freedom of the children of God that precious element which is criticism, especially the very decisive and severe one when necessary, starting from the Blessed Apostle Paul who in Antioch made Peter black, as they say (cf.. Gal 2, 11-14), today we would not have had the great dogmatic councils of the Church, we would not have defined the truths of the faith revealed by the First Council of Nicaea to follow and, after the death of Jesus Christ, if anything perceived only as a "failed messiah", at present we would have been nothing more than a small heretical sect of Judaism, all this if the critical sense was lacking, that means: the reason. Faith, explained Saint Anselm of Aosta and reiterated many centuries later the Holy Pontiff John Paul II in his encyclical Faith and Reason, it is based on reason and must necessarily start from reason, which involves first of all the exercise of critical sense. It is through reason that we reach the doors of the great mysteries of faith and only then can we cross that threshold through a free, conscious and rational act of pure faith.

The lower the average IQ in society becomes, the more it is necessary to explain even the obvious things. The mistake that we scholars often make, in the theological field as in the spheres of all the most disparate sciences, from medicine to astrophysics, is to often take for granted things that we consider obvious and which in fact are, being the most rudimentary elements of the various sciences or simple and basic human common sense. Unfortunately it is necessary to take into account that today we are more inclined to follow the influence illiterates and i tiktoker, including priests who unfortunately have launched themselves into these "crazy games".

As always, let's explain with an example: numerous influence convinced that "a dwarf has his heart too close to his asshole" because they didn't understand the ironic hyperbole of the song A judge by Fabrizio de André, they use the word Middle Ages in a derogatory sense, ignoring that art baggage, science and technology that we have today we owe it all to the Middle Ages. Not only, because if today we know the classical authors; be the culture, Greek and Roman literature and philosophy have been handed down to us only thanks to the Middle Ages, including the most lustful poems of Valerius Gaius Catullus, which not only the Church was careful not to censor or destroy, because if we know them today it is thanks to it and to the scribe monks who transcribed them and handed them down over the centuries.

The system of modern law we owe it to the great Bolognese glossators who lived between the 11th and 12th centuries and we owe the fundamental element of legal civilization of the protection and legitimate defense of the accused precisely to that inquisitorial process on which unaware and ignorant people about the fact that being condemned by the Tribunals of the Holy Inquisition was very difficult. And it was precisely the courts of the inquisition that sanctioned another element that today is part of the criminal jurisprudence of all the so-called civilized countries of the world: the punishment aimed at recovery and not punishment, through punishment the condemned person must not be punished but recovered.

The reply of the ignorant is ready: «Death sentences were given!». And here it must be reiterated that death sentences were not rare but very rare, specifying that they must be placed and interpreted in historical contexts to which today's judgment criteria are not applicable, it would be enough to explain that even the death sentence was an extreme act of recovery for the condemned. It is not by chance, the condemned, they were dressed in white, sign of purity, because with death they paid their debt and extinguished their guilt by reacquiring what in Christian language is called "baptismal purity". And their bodies, after death, they had to be treated with respect and buried with consideration.

Replies the ignorant: «Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake, other than killed and buried with respect!». Of course. And according to what was social logic, policy, juridical and also religious of the time were right to burn him at the stake. It was he who made a mistake with rare obstinacy. His trial lasted for approx 15 years and was canceled twice due to laughable defects of form to be started again from scratch. For years and years he was tried in every way to induce him to repent, which he stubbornly refused. It is useless to say and explain to certain people that they feed and drink on black legends that cannot be evaluated and then judged the Giordano Bruno case with the judgment criteria of our social present, politico, legal and also religious. It would be like condemning with cries of scandal and the application of contemporary thought certain practices of prehistoric men considered in our opinion inhuman and criminal.

Elements of this kind can be explained by my eminent medievalist friend Franco Cardini, or even by the historical popularizer Alessandro Barbero, as by me in my capacity as a scholar of legal sciences, of dogmatic theology and history of dogma. Yup, but to how many people and to what audience could we explain them? Our numbers, however differently one may be followed, they will never be comparable to hundreds of thousands, if not to the millions followers which follow the idiocies of certain characters who use the word Middle Ages inappropriately, received and used by as many parrots following them, unaware that the Middle Ages means Albert the Great, Anselm of Canterbury, Bernard of Clairvaux, Ildegarda in Bingen, Domenico di Guzman, Francis of Assisi, Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, Catherine of Siena, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus … The Middle Ages is the great circuit of Benedictine abbeys and monasteries which gave life to the social and political concept of Europe even before the year 1000. The Middle Ages are the great Cistercian and Carthusian architects and engineers, who brought running water to many villages, taking care of hygiene and prophylaxis for local populations subject to diseases and often epidemics due to excess dirt. The Middle Ages marked the centuries of reason and the exercise of critical sense by the most brilliant minds in history. The Middle Ages is Frederick II of Swabia with the Sicilian courtly school, Brunetto Latini, Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio. The Middle Ages came to an end with men like Silvio Enea Piccolomini, ascended to the sacred throne with the name of Pius II, which in its original Pienza created a prototype of a modern urban nucleus of the city of the future.

Some believe that the Medici are the fathers of the Renaissance? Let's be serious. The Renaissance, which has both a theological and social value, it was originated by the Church after the great trauma of the terrible plague of 1346 which exterminated half of the European population, at the end of which they tried to be reborn. It would be enough to go and see who the patrons were who commissioned the greatest Renaissance works, both pictorial and architectural: Supreme Pontiffs, Cardinals, Bishops and entire Dioceses, other than Lorenzo the Magnificent passed off as the creator and father of the Renaissance... let's be serious!

Long-winded premise? Knowledge and the transmission of knowledge are never long-winded, in this poor world in which the conductor of a following talk show you would be able to ask an invited scholar just to fill a space to explain in 30 according to metaphysics, if anything after having done the talking for 45 minutes Mauro Corona in front of a flask of wine. Any reference to Bianca Berlinguer is completely coincidental, obviously. Prolix are the speeches that say nothing, not those where several centuries of history are summarized in an understandable way in a few dozen lines, among other things, dispelling painful and harmful black legends.

If confusion is added to the emotional together with the seasoning of ignorance, if the whole, to our great misfortune, penetrates and is made to penetrate the Church as a Trojan horse, at that point the disaster is done. A disaster that has also affected the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints for some time, ever since the Supreme Pontiff John Paul II began to undermine that wisdom and prudential structure that had characterized the processes to arrive at proclaiming the blessed first and following the saints, through very rigid and rigorous criteria. With all due respect to those who today have changed the word "rigid" and "rigorous" into something negative and despicable. But then again, in the Church today, there are those who even use the words "dogma" and "dogmatic" in a negative sense, as long as no one dares to kick the ass of a gypsy who tries to steal your wallet behind Bernini's colonnade, because in that case you risk excommunication sententiae penalties for having mistreated a "Roma sister" who has the right to live and exercise her own "culture", as theft and pickpocketing are called today: "culture".

The Holy Father Giovanni Paolo II he intervened not only with a reform of the process for the causes of the Saints, because he later intervened with various dispensations, which continued and increased after him. We have thus had saints dispensed from the historical phase, saints dispensed by the miracle, dispensed saints, as someone said ironically but rightly from holiness itself. The trial of John Paul II itself opened with a sensational and dangerous dispensation: dispensation from the historical phase. Among other things for a complex pontificate that lasted 26 years and all to be prudently studied in an international social and geopolitical context which to define as complex is truly pure euphemism. Above all, a pontificate unique in history, because in that period of time the world collapsed and world societies as we knew them on a social level until recently collapsed, scientific, morale, political and religious. Following the previous wisdom and prudential procedure, the beatification process of a Roman Pontiff had not started before 30 years after death. This is demonstrated by the procedural process of the Holy Pontiff Pius 1914, he was beatified in 1951 and canonized in 1954. The canonization ceremony of Pius, it then happened to 40 years after his death. The process of John Paul II was completely different: less than nine years after his death he was beatified and then canonized, complete with dispensation given by Benedict XVI to what was established by his predecessor in 1983 in the apostolic constitution Divine Master of Perfection which provided for the effective date of 5 years after death before the opening of the beatification process.

In the so-called Young Paulist era we have seen Blesseds and Saints raised to the honors of the altars which leave not so much a bitter taste in the mouth, but they really send a shiver down your spine, because in addition to the rules, the very criteria of the reasons that can lead a Servant of God to be first beatified and then canonized as a martyr have been subverted, almost as if the pontiffs of recent decades had felt legitimated in canonizing their own "personal saints" because they were compatible with the trends, the thoughts and fashions of the present. A truly striking recent case was the beatification of Enrique Ángel Angelelli Carletti, Vescovo de la Roja, beatified as a martyr, albeit over time, two different investigations entrusted to independent commissions of experts, one composed of Argentine scholars and one composed of American scholars, reiterated that it was a road accident and not an attack plotted by the dictatorial regime of the time. To this must be added the not insignificant case of a priest, key figure as witness and collaborator of the Blessed martyr bishop, who later left the priesthood, who initially offered a version of the incident, then he denied it and subsequently fell into further contradictions. However, let us note that the bumps and potholes of that road truly had deep and supreme hatred for the Catholic faith and its ministers.

To proceed with beatification a Servant or Servant of God, then canonize a Blessed or a Blessed, what is needed is a proven miracle that constitutes a scientifically inexplicable fact. However, there is an exception to the miracle: the martyrdom, because what is recognized in and of itself as a miracle is martyrdom itself. And here it must be clarified what the Church is, since the apostolic, he understood it as martyrdom: be killed in hatred of faith, that is, in supreme hatred of the Catholic faith. That said, if anyone today, to use inappropriate political language, he thinks and accuses the Church of having moved to the left, know you're wrong, because the facts prove the opposite: it has moved and thrown itself into the best of the worst of the old Christian Democratic mess.

Two concrete cases of clerical-Christian entanglement: Saint Edith Stein and Blessed Pino Puglisi. La Stein, extraordinary woman endowed with brilliant intelligence, philosopher of unparalleled stature, born Jewish to a Jewish family and later converted to Catholicism and became a Carmelite nun, she was taken by the Nazis while she was at her Carmel, taken to the concentration camp and killed. Stein was captured because she was Jewish and because she was Jewish, therefore considered as such by the Nazis, regardless of whether she had converted and then become a Carmelite nun, this was something they were not interested in in any way. So Stein did not die in supreme hatred of the Catholic faith, but killed because she was Jewish, that means: in the supreme hatred nurtured by the Nazis towards Judaism and the Jews. Out of hatred for the Catholic faith, Saint Maximilian Maria Kolbe was killed, captured as a Catholic priest of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual and held responsible for propaganda not appreciated by the regime and as such considered a dangerous enemy of Nazism. Instead of waiting for his turn to die, he offered to replace a family man in the "hunger pit"., going to die in his place with an act of heroic charity. But he would have died in any case and in any case he would have been a holy martyr, unless he ran away, or that the concentration camp had been liberated by the Allied armies, which however happened four years later, Father Maximilian Maria Kolbe died on 14 August 1941.

Edith Stein, absolutely extraordinary woman it is an equally extraordinary model of faith, undoubted and precious model of heroic virtues that rightly make her a saint, but not a holy martyr, not having been killed out of hatred for the Catholic faith. Is this, the suo time, was explained in detail to John Paul II by Father Peter Gumpel, who made this known to the request for an opinion no problem about his beatification, but not as a martyr killed in hatred of faith. In response, John Paul II did not want to listen to reason, making a purely political reason prevail, later revealed to be a boomerang, because the international Jewish communities rightly responded that the Church was free to beatify and canonize whoever it wanted and when it wanted, but that Edith Stein had been killed because she was Jewish and certainly not because she was Catholic. And they were damn right.

With the Blessed Pino Puglisi, the presbyter of Panormita, whose sanctity of life is not in dispute, it bordered on farce, in the most delicate sense of the term, proclaiming it - listen, hear! - martyr of organized crime. And here we need to clarify: Father Pino was killed by the Mafia, which has a specific name: Cosa Nostra. I wonder: the heroic Sicilian bishops, if they really wanted the blessed martyr as a medal on their chest, because they didn't present him to be proclaimed a proto-martyr of the Mafia, o di Cosa Nostra? Why use the term organized crime, which ambiguously means everything and nothing, when it is a question of a very specific organisation, i.e. mafia, with a very specific name, or Cosa Nostra? And who would have been the ferocious haters of the Catholic faith, maybe the mafiosi? But the mafiosi - and the Bishops of Sicily should know this very well - are devout people, with the holy cards of Saint Lucia, Saint Agatha and Saint Rosalia inside the wallets, with prayer on their lips and candle in hand in the front rows of the processions. Then when the clan leaders were arrested, they found them with one and only book: the Holy Bible, full of underlines and pizzini, as in the case of the clan leader Bernardo Provenzano. If anything, the question that priests of a certain age who all claim to be students of Father Pino Puglisi should ask themselves today, it should be this one: while he alone, like a loose dog, he opposed the mafia arrogance in his neighborhood, we priests, in our central parishes, ready to throw stabs at us from behind just to snatch a mozzetta from a canon of the Metropolitan Chapter or that of the Palatine Chapel, what we did, as well as proclaiming ourselves post-mortem his students as worthy sons of the Leopard? This is what certain priests from Palermo should ask themselves who today boast of having all been his students and disciples, because that's the problem: the Mafia would never have dared to raise a hand on a Palermo priest if it hadn't considered him just an annoying maverick. Request: given that the mafiosi are anything but naive, who made him feel like a maverick? But if all the priests of Palermo come on 55 years to follow they were his students and disciples, he should have had a compact clergy around him to support his precious work, or not? And if that were the case, Mafia, would ever have dared to kill a priest? I have read the documents of that trial and in conscience I can say - inviting anyone to deny it - that without prejudice to the honor and undoubted sanctity of the blessed, we can laugh about it in the same way that we all had solemn laughs about the Leopard by Don Giuseppe Tomasi, Prince of Lampedusa.

When in a delicate sphere, such is the beatification of the blessed and the canonization of the saints, we get carried away and emotionally affected by the social or political moment, also if desired by the media opportunism dictated by the situation of the moment, enormous damage can be done, wanting irreparable, not so much for the present but for the future to come, when the emotional souls have calmed down and certain emotions have died or been replaced with new ones more suited to those times. It will be at that point that historians will analyze us, in various respects even as freaks, saying bluntly: beautiful superficials that they were, those who preceded us! And everyone will be silent, because it will be true.

Those who emotionally only look at the present, ignores the heavy legacy it will leave for the future. In the world of tomorrow it will no longer be possible to do like the Holy Pontiff Paul VI who made dozens of Saints disappear with the stroke of a pen with the excuse of reforming the Calendar. It is well known that several of those Saints never existed, others were duplicates of other Saints, others were even embarrassing figures and as such to be forgotten.

The world of today and that of tomorrow it will no longer allow the fall into oblivion that was possible in the past. However, emotional people who live in the present without a future perspective unfortunately don't know this, to the great misfortune of our children who will come and who will have to be humiliated and mocked because of the superficiality of their fathers.

the Island of Patmos, 25 September 2023

 

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Father Ariel's new book has been released and is being distributed, you can buy it by clicking directly on the cover image or by entering our bookshop WHO

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Gabriele Giordano M. Scardocci
Of the Order of Preachers
Presbyter and Theologian

( Click on the name to read all its articles )
Father Gabriele

That not always understandable game of the first and the last in the Lord

Homiletic of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

QUEL GIOCO NON SEMPRE COMPRENSIBILE DEI PRIMI E DEGLI ULTIMI NEL SIGNORE

«Buona parte della mia perversione morale è dovuta al fatto che mio padre non mi permise di diventare cattolico. L’aspetto artistico della Chiesa e la fragranza dei suoi insegnamenti mi avrebbero guarito dalle mie degenerazioni. Ho intenzione di esservi accolto al più presto».

 

Author:
Gabriele Giordano M. Scardocci, o.p.

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Dear readers of the Island of Patmos,

ci sono storie di conversione che fanno comprendere la bellezza di essere cattolici inducendoci a capire il senso del diventare operai nella vigna del Signore. Dio ci chiama in qualsiasi momento della vita: da bambini, da adulti e persino in punto di morte. Non molti sanno che uno di questi operai nella vigna fu proprio Oscar Wilde che si convertì in tarda età al Cattolicesimo, battezzandosi e ricevendo il viatico. L’autore irlandese pochi giorni prima di morire dichiarò al giornale Daily Chronicle:

«Buona parte della mia perversione morale è dovuta al fatto che mio padre non mi permise di diventare cattolico. L’aspetto artistico della Chiesa e la fragranza dei suoi insegnamenti mi avrebbero guarito dalle mie degenerazioni. Ho intenzione di esservi accolto al più presto».

Con la parabola degli operai dell’ultima ora racchiusa nel Vangelo di oggi Gesù viene a insegnarci questo. Everyone, nel grande mistero dell’amore di Dio, siamo chiamati e Lui conosce il giorno e l’ora della nostra risposta. Gesù racconta quindi una parabola che all’inizio può essere “fastidiosa”. Perché troviamo degli operai che vengono assunti a inizio giornata e altri invece solo all’ultima ora. Il padrone degli operai risponde però a muso duro a coloro che erano arrivati là per protestare:

«Io voglio dare anche a quest’ultimo quanto a te: I can't do what I want with my things? Or you're jealous because I'm good? So the last will be first and the first, ultimi».

Nella narrazione simbolica, quel padrone è proprio Dio che ha un concetto di primo e ultimo diverso del nostro. Effectively, la frase di Gesù circa gli ultimi e i primi è stata lungamente evocata, perché dislocata al di fuori del contesto della parabola. It gave, so, annuncia con una notizia bella e sconvolgente: Egli capovolge i nostri parametri umani: tutti siamo chiamati ad amare, a renderci santi e a santificare gli altri. Ciascuno di noi è operaio nella vigna, cioè nella Chiesa Cattolica, secondo talenti e doni che Lui stesso ci ha offerto.

La ricompensa finale sarà poi uguale per tutti: la sua amicizia e compagnia eterna in Paradiso. So, non esiste una diversa modalità di “pensionamento” per l’operaio nella vigna. Il bambino catecumeno martirizzato, il grande lavoratore della carità, il poeta maledetto convertito in vecchiaia, tutti quanti riceviamo come meta finale la Vita Eterna in Dio. Il grande mistero di Dio da accogliere è questo: Dio ci chiede un amore gratuito che non pretende e non reclama, ma si offre spontaneamente. Perché il primo ad offrirsi senza pretendere nulla in cambio è stato Gesù sulla croce.

A noi sta semplicemente di accogliere la chiamata e di mettere un podi buona volontà. Dio stesso con la sua grazia ci accompagnerà nel nostro essere vignaioli operanti e fecondi per Dio e il prossimo. La differenza del tempo che intercorre fra chiamata e risposta all’amore di Dio, non toglie nulla alla nostra felicità, sia che rispondiamo da piccoli o da adulti, se la nostra risposta è autentica, meditata e vera in Dio è sempre fonte di massima gioia per noi. So, essere primi in Dio non è essere primi nella logica del mondo. Instead, vuol dire agire con umiltà nello stato vocazionale in cui siamo, decentrando i nostri egoismo e superficialità, ponendo al centro il Signore: in quel decentrarci, Lui ci renderà una gloria ed una soddisfazione massima.

Chiediamo al Signore di diventare buoni come Lui, interiorizzando l’umiltà e la disponibilità ad accogliere un Progetto d’Amore più grande, per diventare giorno dopo giorno testimoni credenti e credibili della Misericordia senza fine.

Amen!

Santa Maria Novella in Florence, 24 September 2023

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That communist spirit of the Master of the Lord's Vineyard

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

THAT COMMUNIST PROLETARIAN SPIRIT OF THE OWNER OF THE LORD'S VINEYARD

This Sunday's Gospel will please the communists, at least to the hard and pure if there are still any. Those of everyone working but working less. If anything, the problems will eventually arise when it is discovered that the pay will be the same for everyone. The parable will give others a stomach ache, the behavior of the owner of the vineyard will appear so senseless and unjust.

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The Gospel this Sunday Communists will like it, at least to the hard and pure if there are still any. Those of everyone working but working less. If anything, the problems will eventually arise when it is discovered that the pay will be the same for everyone. The parable will give others a stomach ache, the behavior of the owner of the vineyard will appear so senseless and unjust. Aside from these cheap jokes of mine, what does Jesus say? Let's read it.

"During that time, Jesus told his disciples this parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a householder who went out at dawn to hire workers for his vineyard. He agreed with them for a denarius a day and sent them into his vineyard. He then left around nine in the morning, he saw others standing in the square, unemployed, and told them: “Go into the vineyard too; I will give you what is right". And they went. He went out again around noon and around three, and he did the same. Went out again around five, he saw others standing there and said to them: “Why do you sit here all day doing nothing?”. They answered: “Because no one hired us”. And he said to them: “You too go into the vineyard”. When it was evening, the owner of the vineyard said to his farmer: “Call the workers and give them their wages, starting from the last to the first". The five in the afternoon ones came, they each received a denarius. When the first ones arrived, they thought they would receive more. But they also each received a denarius. When picking it up, But, they murmured against the master saying: “The latter only worked for an hour and you treated them like us, that we have borne the weight of the day and the heat". But the master, replying to one of them, he said: “Amico, I don't do you wrong. Have you not agreed with me for a denarius?? Take yours and go. But I also want to give to the latter as much as to you: I can't do what I want with my things? Or you're jealous because I'm good? So the last will be first and the first, last”» (Mt 20,1-16).

First of all it must be said that this story is parabolic It's Matteo's own, that is, it is not found in the other Gospels. It seems to have been used by the Evangelist to detach himself for a moment from Mark's plot and make it become an explanation of what he was writing in this section of his work. It should also be noted that the parable has had a varied interpretative history. From those who have read the history of salvation and election from the beginning of biblical events (Adamo, Abraham, Moses) up to Jesus to those who have grasped an allegory of human and Christian life so that even those who will be called to the end of their lives will be able to save themselves, no more and no less than those who responded promptly from a young age. Modern exegesis has seen in it a metaphor for the justification of Jesus' behavior in the face of his detractors who accused him of preferring or colluding with sinners and the excluded who thus became the first in the Kingdom of heaven. However, there is another hermeneutic that can be followed on the basis of what has been mentioned, namely that Matthew wanted to respond with this parable to some dynamics that had already arisen in the primitive group of Jesus' followers and which would have recurred in the Christian communities to which the Gospel will be addressed.

It is no coincidence that the evangelical passage above begins, in the Greek text, with the preposition gar – gar, which means 'in fact'1, as if to say that now we will explain what had previously been reported. What immediately precedes is the phrase that we will find almost identical at the end of this Sunday's passage: “Many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first” (Mt 19,30). This expression of Jesus was in turn linked to a question from Peter: "There, we left everything and followed you; what then will we have??», to which Jesus replied that he would receive along with the power to judge, also a hundredfold and eternal life, but always taking into account the possible interchangeability between the first and the last. Shortly before he had also stated: «This is impossible for men, but with God everything is possible".

We therefore have a background to this Sunday's passage which corresponds to the request for reward on Peter's lips. Now, like in films that recreate a saga, in addition to prequel we also have a sequel. Because later (Mt 20,17-19), immediately after the parable, Jesus will announce his passion for the third time, Death and Resurrection. Faced with such a solemn announcement, much to the reader's dismay, Matteo will report back soon (vv. 20-24) that two brother disciples, sons of Zebedee, they will make this request to Jesus through the mouth of their mother: «Say that these two sons of mine sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your kingdom»; provoking an indignant reaction from the rest of the group. If before then we had with Peter a request for reward, here we have a claim of merit with which the first places were claimed. We note that making these requests, except Andrea, Pietro's brother, they are the very first disciples called by Jesus (Mt 4,18-22)! We understand why Matteo, breaking away from Marco, wanted to add something from one of his sources. Perhaps the measure was full or perhaps he was aware of the pre-emption rights, careerism or profit and privileges will be temptations that will always attack the disciples of Jesus in the Church and forever, which means even today. The parable will then be Jesus' response to these exquisitely human logics and a reminder of the foundation on which everything is possible, which does no wrong because it is good and an invitation to the community to draw from it the consequences of authentic Christian life.

The parabolic tale proceeds with the scanning of some hours of the day starting from the first light of dawn, until the evening around the eleventh hour, seven in the afternoon, when there is only one hour left to get off work. The owner of a vineyard who needed workers went out very early for the first time and made an agreement with some workers for a penny a day. Then he showed up again at nine, the third hour, and he called others, telling them that he would give them what was right. At this point, the reader's perception and expectation come into play and he will begin to fantasize about how much this fair amount will amount to.. It will be, as it is reasonable to imagine, commensurate with the actual hours of work? But the owner of the vineyard is very strange because he will go out again at midday and then at three, surprised to find idle workers he will call them too. In the end, one hour before the end of the working day, at five in the afternoon, when it was now useless - who calls workers to work for just one hour? — will come out again and say: «Because you sit here all day doing nothing?». They replied: «Because no one hired us». And he said to them: «You too go into the vineyard». It is clear that Jesus is not talking about a naive or crazy entrepreneur, but of God who in his great freedom calls anyone at any time without paying attention to work needs or compensation, but driven by the sole desire that people be part of this work. His will is that everyone has the opportunity to stay and work in his allegory vineyard of the people of God, beloved plantation, as attested more than once in the Bible: «I want to sing for my beloved my song of love for his vineyard. My beloved owned a vineyard on a fertile hill" (Is 5,1); «On that day the vineyard will be delicious: sing it! the, the Sir, I am its guardian, I water it every moment; for fear of damaging it, I take care of it night and day" (Is 27, 2-3); «My vineyard, exactly mine, is in front of me" (Cantico 8,12a).

The second part of the parable it will take place almost at sunset as foreseen by the law in Deuteronomy: «You will give the worker his wages on the same day, before the sun goes down" (Dt 24,15). The release of wages according to the order given by the owner took place starting from the last workers called, a reference perhaps to that "the last will be first" (Mt 19,30) of the end of the chapter preceding ours. The expectation that, we had said above, took the reader will now involve the 'first' workers themselves since seeing a money delivered to the last arrivals they will expect to receive more than agreed upon. However, when they finally get their due, they will realize that it will be the same one that was given to the workers called last and this is where the resentment and grumbling will begin.: «The latter only worked for an hour and you treated them like us, that we bore the weight of the day and the heat" (v.12). In the resentful words of the workers called since dawn who could be the disciples of Jesus mentioned above, but also anyone in the Church who feels deserving of some privilege, you feel all the annoyance at what the master has just done. Indeed they say: we are not equal to them, “you lie”You have made them equal to us» — as the Vulgate translates v 12, in Greek You have done the same as us — which is more scathing than 'you treated them like us'; this equality is intolerable.

The response of the owner of the vineyard to the person who appears to be some sort of union representative he will first reiterate that he has been respectful of the contract, since they had been agreed upon a denarius a day and therefore there was no injustice in him, but he also added that what had moved him was a goodness that aimed directly at the good of people without paying attention to calculations of time or money: «Amico, I don't do you wrong. Have you not agreed with me for a denarius?? Take yours and go. But I also want to give to the latter as much as to you: I can't do what I want with my things? Or you're jealous because I'm good?» (v.15). The master's action, behind which, in the eyes of Jesus, lies that of God, appeared unjust to the workers at the first hour, not conforming to the worldly norm, scandalous, even the reader perceived it that way, annoying and unsettling. The evangelist Matthew, in the words of the owner of the vineyard, defines the disgruntled and envious worker as someone who has a bad eye, wicked’, as opposed to those who act because they are good. The expression "you are envious" is the translation of the Greek: Your eye is evil (Or ophthalmos your putting this thine eye is wicked). The organ of vision of these workers, perhaps tired from working hours — pride (pain) in Greek it is fatigue, work — he had lost sight of God's goodness towards everyone. He will affirm: I am good (I took the actions of him, I am good).

The climax of the parable it will be precisely in this revelation: "I am good". And since in Mt 19,17 2, a few verses earlier, it was said that "only one is good", in reference to God, the theological allusion of our parable is evident. Here emerges the essence of this metaphor which glimpses the escape from the iron logic of correspondence between work and pay, performance and remuneration, and allows us to glimpse a world marked by liberality and generosity, by relationships regulated not only by law, but also by being free; not only by the rigor of what is due, but also from the unexpected gratuitousness. In which merit is not the element that must decide the hierarchy of people, but the goodness of God.

I would conclude with two quotes. The first is a very well-known short phrase, taken from a text that had a great influence, Letter to a teacher at the Barbiana School3: “There is nothing as unjust as giving equal shares to unequals”. I choose this sentence that eight boys from Barbiana wrote under the supervision of the prior Don Milani because apparently it seems to go against the teaching of the parable. In my opinion it is the mirror of it because it was precisely the background evangelical, together with the ability to read the society and culture of the time, who guided those kids towards a new concept of merit and judgment within the educational institution. Thanks to the Gospel, for the first time the last were seen and no longer despised or downgraded. If there had not been the Gospel Don Lorenzo would never have gone house to house to remove the boys from the stables to take them to his school.

I chose the other quote for its ecclesial scope and for the sense of joy and faith that pervades it. It is by Pseudo-John Chrysostom:

«Who has worked from the first hour, receive the right salary today; who came after the third, give thanks and celebrate; who arrived after the sixth, don't hesitate: will not suffer any damage; who was late until the ninth, come without hesitation; who has only reached the eleventh, Don't worry about your delay. The Lord is generous, welcomes the last as the first, grant rest to those who have reached the eleventh hour as well as to those who have worked since the first. Show mercy to the last as well as to the first, grant rest to those who have reached the eleventh hour as to those who have worked since the first."4.

from the Hermitage, 24 September 2023

 

 

NOTE

1 «So is the kingdom of heaven – For the kingdom of heaven is like it." (Mt21,1)

2 "And here, a man approached him and told him: «Maestro, what good must I do to have eternal life? ». She answered him: «Why do you question me about what is good? There is only one good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments ".
3 The Barbiana school, Letter to a teacher, Florentine publishing bookshop, 1990

4 Pseudo John Chrysostom, With death he defeated death. Homily on Easter, LEV, 2019

 

 

Sant'Angelo Cave in Ripe (Civitella del Tronto)

 

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Forgiveness is not a timed game but an infinite Christological challenge

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

FORGIVENESS IS NOT A TIMED GAME BUT AN INFINITE CHRISTOLOGICAL CHALLENGE

In the last decades, especially since psychology has become popular, the theme of forgiveness has gone beyond the confines of the religious and the classic places assigned to it such as the confessional, to land in setting psychoanalytic, where conflicts that generate anguish and disturbance are addressed. In that context the person burdened with unbearable burdens is invited to reevaluate forgiveness, often towards itself, especially when the other person who wronged them cannot be reached.

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In the last decades, especially since psychology has become popular, the theme of forgiveness has gone beyond the confines of the religious and the classic places assigned to it such as the confessional, to land in setting psychoanalytic, where conflicts that generate anguish and disturbance are addressed. In that context the person burdened with unbearable burdens is invited to reevaluate forgiveness, often towards itself, especially when the other person who wronged them cannot be reached.

The evangelical page this Sunday offers us the possibility of looking at forgiveness as Jesus intended it, which as often happens, through clear and clear words, presents us with a particular perspective. Here's the song:

"During that time, Peter approached Jesus and said to him: "Man, if my brother commits sins against me, how many times will I have to forgive him? Up to seven times?”. And Jesus answered him: “I don't tell you until seven times, but up to seventy times seven. Because of this, the kingdom of heaven is similar to a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. He had begun to settle accounts, when someone was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents. Because he was unable to repay, the master ordered him and his wife to be sold, his children and what he owned, and thus pay off the debt. Then the servant, prostrate on the ground, he pleaded with him saying: “Be patient with me and I will give you everything back”. The master had compassion on that servant, he let him go and forgave him the debt. Just released, that servant found one of his companions, who owed him one hundred denarii. He grabbed him by the neck and choked him, saying: “Give back what you owe!”. His partner, prostrate on the ground, he begged him saying: “Be patient with me and I will pay you back.”. But he didn't want to, he went and had him thrown into prison, until he paid the debt. Given what was happening, his companions were very sorry and went to tell their master everything that had happened. Then the master called the man and told him: “Evil servant, I forgave you all that debt because you prayed to me. You shouldn't have had pity on your partner too, just as I had pity on you?”. Disdained, the master handed him over to his torturers, until he had repaid all the debt. So also my heavenly Father will do with you if you do not forgive from your heart, each to his own brother" (Mt 18,21-35).

To try to understand Jesus' response to Peter we have to take a step back in time. Because time is important when it comes to forgiveness. It is necessary to trace biblical history back to the generations following Adam and Eve, in particular to a descendant of the infamous Cain named Lamech. Cain, as is known, killed his brother Abel and, fearing retaliation, received an assurance from God that whoever touched him would incur seven times the same amount of revenge. (Gen 4,15). The text of Genesis will report the words of Lamech a little later who was a more violent man than his great-great-grandfather Cain, capable of killing for nothing, of which he boasted to his wives:

«Ada and Silla, listen to my voice; wives of Lamech, give ear to my words. I killed a man for my nick and a boy for my bruise. Cain will be avenged seven times, but Lamech seventy-seven" (Gen 4,23-24).

Pietro's request which was based on the acceptable quantity, wide and we imagine exaggerated - «Sir, if my brother commits sins against me, how many times will I have to forgive him? Up to seven times?» ― received an answer from Jesus based instead on time: “I don't tell you up to seven times, but up to seventy times seven", that is, always. He thus established an immeasurable measure, because as he will explain in the next parable, every disciple will find himself in the condition of that servant who will not be able to repay an unpayable debt, it was so exorbitant. In the Lucanian version - «If your brother commits a crime, scold him; but if he will repent, forgive him. And if he sins against you seven times a day and returns to you seven times, saying: “I am sorry”, you will forgive him" (Lc 17,4b) - even if the malicious action was repeated, at least there was some repentance, but in Peter's question in Matthew it does not appear: no excuses, no regrets. And Jesus responding placed Peter in front of an unconditional situation of such one-sidedness that it can only be accepted by that disciple who will have understood the immense forgiveness received from God, through Jesus. He thus implemented the reversal of the numbered revenge of the book of Genesis in favor of a liberation from the past with its burdens that oppress the heart. The revenge sung by Lamec is in fact the constant re-presentation to the soul of the past that caused wounds, that moment that cannot be forgotten when someone committed evil against me and that brings back the emotions of anger and revenge in my soul, corroding everything inside. To a human eye, the harm that has been done may appear to be unhealable or even forgotten, always comes back. To clear the air, I'll say straight away that the topic here is not justice settling a dispute or attempting to repair a wrong by applying the law, nor the fact that we should forget the evil that has been done.. The answer that Jesus gives to Peter regarding personal sin simply goes in the opposite direction to the past and towards the future. Whether it is seventy times seven or seventy-seven in the words of Jesus, Lamech's mocking purpose is reversed, so does the soul, freed from the pernicious effects of remaining anchored to past evil, will gain new freedom. Unlimited forgiveness, even when the offender does not understand it, in fact it will be a good thing above all for the offended person who will be amazed at having been the first to be pardoned: he was relieved of a great burden and debt, he can look at the future lightly because he is finally free.

The evangelist Matthew he used the verb for Peter's question opium (aphiemia) that the Vulgate translated as “to release” ― «Dominated, how often shall my brother sin against me, and let him go? Up to seven times?» - In fact, its first meaning in Greek is to send away, let go, to set someone free and by extension to set something back, for example a fault or sins and therefore absolve. The same verb will be used by Jesus in his rebuke to the servant who had been forgiven an enormous debt, who however had lashed out against his companion without using that greatness of spirit or patience (macrothymia forbearing) (cf.. Mt 18,29)1 which had previously been used on him: «Evil servant, I forgave you all that debt because you prayed to me. You shouldn't have had pity on your partner too, just as I had pity on you?»2. Paradoxically, with Jesus there is a reversal of perspective: It is no longer I who has suffered an evil who frees the other by forgiving him unlimitedly, but I'm the one letting go of the sin, I get rid of a burden that makes me feel bad, I for one benefit from it. I forgive because I have been forgiven. We can dialogue with these assumptions with modern psychology? I really think so and without fear and I'll stop there. Actually, I'll add one more thing, a combination that might appear strange. The last author of the fourth Gospel told the story of the dead Lazarus (GV 11), of Jesus who lingered for a while and then the intense dialogue with Martha and then Mary's question again, in a growing narrative tension because Jesus wanted to get into the head, or rather he wanted it to be received with faith that He was "the resurrection and the life", because “whoever believes in me, even if it dies, will live; whoever lives and believes in me, he will not die forever"3. Whoever keeps this faith will know that the dead will not 'be left' in the tomb. It is in fact the last word that Jesus will say to the disciples present, but not to Lazarus, Sara: "Let him go" (Aphete auton upageinlet him fall, Pay him off)4; the same verb used in Matthew for sin forgiven. Joining the two stories one could say that if you don't let go of sin, the harm that was done to you, you will never be truly free. Sin is the deadly condition, forgiveness is life and resurrection in Jesus Christ.

In the parable then narrated by Jesus on the king who, wanting to settle his accounts, began as is normal with those who owed him the most, the touchstone of every Christian forgiveness and the source from which to draw in order to be capable of the requested unlimitedness is presented. Because behind the figure of the king lies that of God the Father, the only one capable of condoning so much, a huge number, hyperbolic. Ten thousand talents corresponded to one hundred million denarii, taking into account that one denarius was more or less the average daily wage of a worker: impossible to repay for a servant. Now if the first servant in the parable had understood the gift received he would have had to love more, according to the other parable that Jesus told in the Gospel of Luke (cf.. LC 7, 41-43)5, but he didn't do it because he raged against his companion, arousing sadness in the others and the disdain of the king. Fixated as he was on how much he had been given, he lost sight of his greatness of spirit (macrothymia – long-suffering dei vv. 26) that had moved such a gesture and above all visceral compassion (I'm gutted, splanchnízomai del v. 27) which corresponds in many biblical instances to the mercy of God, an almost maternal trait and the only manifestable aspect of Him as this famous passage recalls when Moses wanted to see God:

"He told him: “Show me your glory!”. Answered: “I will make all my goodness pass before you and proclaim my name, man, in front of you. To whom I wish to be gracious, I will be gracious, and to whom I wish to have mercy, I will have mercy.". He added: “But you won't be able to see my face, for no man can see me and remain alive”… “The Lord passed before him, proclaiming: "The Sir, the Sir, Merciful and merciful God, slow to anger and rich in love and faithfulness, who preserves his love for a thousand generations, who forgives the guilt, transgression and sin, but it does not leave without punishment, which punishes the guilt of the fathers in the children and in the children's children up to the third and fourth generation"" (Is 33,18-20; 34,6-7).

Here then the foundation of every action of forgiveness is revealed: having been forgiven. The Christian knows that he has been forgiven by the Lord with free and foreseeing mercy, he knows he has benefited from an unexpected grace, for this reason he cannot fail to show mercy in turn to his brothers and sisters, debtors to him much less. Eventually, in the parable, it is no longer a question of how many times forgiveness must be given, but to recognize that they have been forgiven and therefore must forgive. If one does not know how to forgive the other without calculations, without looking at the number of times he granted forgiveness, and he doesn't know how to do it with all his heart, then he does not recognize what has been done to him, the forgiveness he received. God freely forgives, his love cannot be deserved, but we simply need to welcome his gift and, in a diffusive logic, extend the gift received to others. We thus understand the final application made by Jesus. The words he speaks are parallel and identical in content, to those with which he glosses the fifth question of the Our Father: "Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors" (Mt 6,12); the only one he commented on.

«For if you forgive others their sins, your Father who is in heaven will forgive you too; but if you do not forgive others, not even your Father will forgive your sins (Mt 6,14-15). «Even so my heavenly Father will do with you if you do not forgive from your heart, each to his brother" (Mt 18,35).

I would like to conclude with a small anecdote which I experienced first hand. On the occasion of the Holy Year of 2000 among the many initiatives set up in the parish community to better experience that event there was also that of establishing small Gospel groups in the strong times of Advent and Lent. The parish was not large, but the initiative was liked and around twenty small groups were created, each more or less than ten, fifteen people. Basically whoever wanted, individual or family, for some evenings he would open his house and either invite the neighbors or they would come by themselves, also based on knowledge and friendship and for a couple of hours the group reflected on a specially prepared Gospel passage with an explanatory sheet and final prayers. Then each family had fun preparing sweets or things to offer, as is normal. One evening that I still remember he touched the song nail of the Holy Year, the parable of the prodigal son or the merciful Father, as they call it now. Incidentally I add that there had been a pilgrimage to discover Christian Russia and some had been able to see in the museum ofHermitage the painting by Rembrandt depicting the aforementioned evangelical scene which appeared on all the brochures of the dioceses and parishes. So I went to one of these little groups thinking I was walking on velvet, after dinner, all calm. Much to my surprise, when the time came for the discussion on the evangelical passage some, especially men, they showed displeasure towards the attitude of the father in the parable. For them it was inconceivable that a father would readmit his younger son who had wasted everything back into his home and leave the house to bring the older one in as well.. I was stunned, almost offended. Because these were not full-blown atheists, but parish people and some even with responsibilities. I remember the face of some good pious woman, now all deceased, who sent me glances to say: answer something. But I didn't add anything, partly because he was taken by surprise and partly by intuition.

Then reflecting on what happened I thought it was right like this and that the intolerability of that particular evangelical parable should be left that way, like a food that is difficult to digest. In conclusion, to accept it, we needed to have understood that we have been reached by the grace of God which is mercy and forgiveness, a grace received at a 'dear price'. The apostle Paul, who had understood and experienced it, worked with all his strength to make it accessible to many and expressed himself thus in a famous passage from the letter to the Romans:

«But God demonstrates his love towards us in the fact that, while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. Even more so now, justified in his blood, we will be saved from wrath through him. If indeed, when we were enemies, we have been reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, we will be saved through his life" (Rom 5, 8-10).

Maybe who knows, if this episode, like many other different ones, but more or less similar that followed, they contributed to making me discover the hermit life one day?

Happy Sunday everyone!

From the Hermitage, 16 September 2023

 

NOTE

[1] “Be patient with me and I will pay you back.”

2 «Sly work, leave all that debt to youA wicked servant, I have forgiven you all that debt, since you asked me» (Mt 18, 32)

3 GV 11, 25-26

4 GV 11, 44

5 «A creditor had two debtors: one owed him five hundred denarii, the other fifty. Since they have nothing to repay, he forgave the debt of both of them. So which of them will love him more??». Simone replied: "I suppose he's the one he forgave the most". Jesus told him: «You judged well»

 

 

Sant'Angelo Cave in Ripe (Civitella del Tronto)

 

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Gabriele Giordano M. Scardocci
Of the Order of Preachers
Presbyter and Theologian

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Father Gabriele

Forgiving is not do-goodism but a sign of charity and divine justice

Homiletic of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

PERDONARE NON È BUONISMO MA SEGNO DELLA CARITÀ E DELLA GIUSTIZIA DIVINA

«Gli perdono di avermi sfruttata, ruined, humiliated. I forgive him everything, because I loved". With these words Eleonora Duse called "the muse", riassume la sua tormentata relazione con Gabriele D’Annunzio, suo unico amore della vita, da un punto di vista laico ed umanistico.

 

Author:
Gabriele Giordano M. Scardocci, o.p.

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Dear Readers of the Island of Patmos,

uno degli insegnamenti di Gesù più difficili da accogliere è quello sul perdono. Quando subiamo un torto, indeed, più facilmente ci ricordiamo della persona che lo ha commesso, generando una divisione e un distacco totale fra noi e lei. È un sentimento di rivalsa totalmente naturale. Per questo Gesù ci chiede di andare oltre. E c’è chi fa proprio questo insegnamento di Gesù. For example:

«Gli perdono di avermi sfruttata, ruined, humiliated. I forgive him everything, because I loved".

Con queste parole Eleonora Duse detta “la musa”, riassume la sua tormentata relazione con Gabriele D’Annunzio, suo unico amore della vita, da un punto di vista laico ed umanistico.

Il perdono è uno dei nuclei principali del Cristianesimo, come abbiamo visto nelle domeniche estive; il Signore spesso decide di offrire parabole per trasmettere concetti importante. La parabola del servo malvagio esplicita in forma di narrazione un bellissimo tema del messaggio gesuano. Ne troviamo la sintesi all’inizio del brano evangelico of today.

«Gesù rispose a Pietro: “I don't tell you until seven times, ma fino a settanta volte sette”».

Il numero sette evocato da Gesù e portato alla sua massimizzazione (seventy times seven) non è un numero casuale per la mentalità ebraica in cui Gesù viveva. Esso rappresenta infatti la pienezza, il settimo giorno in cui Dio si riposò, le sette aspersioni rituali con il sangue (Lv 4,6-17; 8,11; Nm 19,4; 2Re 5,10); l’immolazione di sette animali (Nm 28,11; This 45,23; Gb 42,8; 2Color 29,21), i sette angeli (Tb 12,15); i sette occhi sulla pietra (Zc 3,9). Ma Gesù cita specialmente il sette e il settanta in riferimento al profeta Daniele (Dn 9,2-24), in cui sono citate settanta settimane. Semplificando possiamo dire che secondo il profeta queste settanta settimane termineranno nel giorno della salvezza, perché a suo modo, seventy times seven, è un numero infinito. Ecco dunque che Gesù, in summary, afferma la presenza della pienezza della salvezza del Signore, tramite il perdono che Lui, il Dio-uomo, porge agli uomini.

La parabola del servo malvagio narra una situazione di ingiustizia: lo stesso servo a cui era stato perdonato un debito enorme ― praticamente impossibile da coprire in una vita per gli standard del tempo ― non offre lo stesso perdono per un debito minore, dinanzi al quale il padrone diventa severo di fronte a una mancanza di amore e giustizia verso il suo prossimo. Il centro della dinamica di perdono si racchiude in questo: imparare ad offrire un atto d’amore ad un altro peccatore. Esattamente come noi siamo perdonati e chiediamo a Dio il perdono, nel confessionale e quando recitiamo il Our father.

Perdonare è l’atto estremo di amore e il più difficile: perché scioglie il peccatore dalla rabbia e dalla tristezza che possiamo portargli in seguito a un peccato subìto, sciogliendo noi stessi dal ricordo di quei torti. Ed è per questo che è difficile perdonare: esso è un cammino spirituale ed esistenziale che richiede al contempo tempo, patience, preghiera e soprattutto la grazia del Signore. La Grazia, indeed, ci aiuta a imitare Gesù che perdona i suoi aguzzini mentre è sulla croce.

Chiediamo l’aiuto del Signore per imparare a essere peccatori che chiedono e che concedono perdono, chiediamo i sette doni dello Spirito, perché nell’accoglienza del prossimo possiamo scorgere il senso stesso dell’amore di carità ed amare sino alla fine.

Amen!

Santa Maria Novella in Florence, 16 September 2023

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Those failed priests of a Church in disarray that some people like so much “Catholic scum” which we would gladly do without

THOSE FAILED PRIESTS OF A CHURCH IN DISAGREEMENT THAT CERTAIN "CATHOLIC SCAM" LIKE SO MUCH, WHOM WE WOULD LIKELY TO DO WITHOUT

I am happy to have given the shame of a priest to a brother who manifested himself as such, beyond all his social and charitable activities, it might help him to reflect on the fact that publicans and pagans carry out good works and social works even greater than his. With all due respect to his family fans, turned out to be mostly violent and insulting "Catholic rabble" in the comments, who would like to transform the Church of Christ into an equestrian circus, as if it wasn't bad enough already.

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I bless God for sixty years that I accomplished 19 August and I tell you one of the most recurring jokes addressed to my octogenarian brothers during spiritual direction conversations:

«If I could exchange it, I would give you my years and I would take your years as you are approaching the end of your life. Because I don't even dare think what I will have to see and suffer as a priest living with others 25 O 30 years in this situation of now irreversible ecclesiastical and ecclesiastical decadence, to carefully consider that we have long since passed the threshold of no return".

That the Church will survive it is a divine promise of Jesus Christ, which however warns us:

"But the Son of Man, when will, find faith on earth?» (LC 18,8).

The Church will find it, but the question is rigor: which Church? I am now 15 years that in my books and articles I have put forward a hypothesis that is not based on the "enlightened mystic" that I am not, but on the sacred scriptures: and if upon his return he found a worldly Church completely emptied of the essence of Christ and filled with something else? The Catechism of the Catholic Church - this great unknown to "Catholics" from social following some pretini trendy - with unequivocal clarity he teaches:

"Before the coming of Christ, the Church must pass through a final trial that will shake the faith of many believers (See. LC 18,1-8; Mt 24,12). The persecution that accompanies her pilgrimage on earth (See. LC 21,12; GV 15,19-20) He will unveil the "mystery of iniquity" in the form of a religious deception offering men an apparent solution to their problems, the price of apostasy from the truth. The greatest religious imposture is that of the Anti-Christ, that is, of a pseudo-messianism in which man glorifies himself in the place of God and his Messiah who came in the flesh" (See. see WHO).

During one of our last interviews Cardinal Carlo Caffarra of blessed memory told me:

«None of us knows the day and the hour (N.d.A. Mt 24,36), therefore we cannot make even vague hypotheses. But one thing is certain: reading the Holy Scriptures it would seem that today almost all of the elements recur" (N.d.A. Ii Ts 2, 3-12).

To deal with this very delicate topic I take the antics of a brother as an example, one among many devoid of any malice, indeed convinced in good faith that they are doing good, unaware that before God we priests of Christ are not justified by a certain good faith, which, like good intentions, can even lead to Hell in the most serious cases, because neither the benefit of ignorance nor that of inevitable or invincible ignorance will be recognized to us. It is written:

"To whom much is given, much will be asked for; to whom men have committed much, It will ask the more " (LC 12,48).

Nothing personal towards this Genoese presbyter promptly defended himself social media by an army of fans who have inundated me with insulting messages and comments. I intend to use it only as a paradigm to depict the decadence and sloppiness of our poor clergy.

Here is the documented fact: this priest tiktoker he has long been accustomed to networking gag convinced in this way to attract the there are children. In one of these public videos he exceeded all the limits of priestly and theological decency, so that, being a somewhat well-known so-called public figure myself, I reacted equally publicly, without failing to comply with the evangelical criteria of fraternal correction (cf.. Mt 18, 15-18), because if in fact you decide to publicly make a fool of yourself by staging one sketch on the mystery of the incarnation of the Word of God, I have a duty to tell you publicly that you are an idiot, to be good. By acting like this you dishonor our priestly dignity, which is not yours and you cannot dispose of it as you wish, because it is ours, given to us on loan for use and for which we should seriously and gravely answer to God.

The images and sentences speak for themselves, because the idiot finds nothing better to do than insert this caption in his video:

«Saint Joseph when the Angel Gabriel announces to him that his wife Mary is pregnant by the power of the Holy Spirit».

Under this caption, covered in sacred liturgical vestments and with the tabernacle containing the Blessed Sacrament behind him, the priest tiktoker the comic actor Carlo Verdone begins to mime to represent the Blessed Patriarch Joseph who first thoughtfully scratches his head and then says «In what sense?» (Song movie A lot nice, see WHO).

On my page social I contested this attitude which undermines priestly dignity and the blasphemous way in which this idiot represented the key mystery of salvation: the incarnation of the Word of God made man. Of course: if I have already used the term "idiot" several times it is to criticize this improvident priest tiktoker all the most charitable mitigating factors, because all of us will be ready to justify and then forgive the stupidities of the village idiot, precisely because I'm stupid. So, call him an idiot in this precise context, it is an act of authentic charity and mercy.

These are the results: called together their own fans the priest tiktoker he instigated them with his post to deny and then reply. What in language social is called Shit storm, shit storm literally. And so, i fans of the priest tiktoker they have inundated me with messages accusing me of being - in the best and most delicate hypothesis - a disgraceful priest, an inhuman, a rigid one, an envious one. An army of people wrote that this priest attracts many there are children, because i there are children with him they don't get bored but have fun. Others have written that rigid people like me have empty churches, others questioned whether I was even a priest. The army of inevitable women could also be missing passion, always the most violent of all, only to then cry and shout “chauvinist!” if someone talks back to them? En masse they addressed me in tones with which it would not be legitimate to address even a multiple-homicidal life prisoner., magnifying the extraordinary social and welfare works of their favorite in favor of the children suffering from cancer at the Gaslini hospital in Genoa.

I couldn't respond to hundreds of comments mostly insulting, I only responded to a few, aware that the plethora of non-Catholics following this priest manifested, from comment to comment, feelings and styles that are the antithesis of what Catholic sentiment is. It would really have been a waste of time to explain to them that doing good does not mean being either good priests or good Catholics:

«Even publicans don't do the same? And if you only say hello to your brothers, what are you doing that's extraordinary? Even pagans don't do the same? You therefore be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect" (Mt 5, 46-48).

What does this phrase mean? Something as solemn as it is terrible: good, Christianly understood, it cannot be separated from faith, by hope and charity (The Cor 13, 1-13). And faith and charity are not born from the joy and enjoyment granted to there are children by certain priests inside churches reduced to circuses, they arise from the mystery of the cross of Christ which defeats death and which makes us all participants in his resurrection. This is the heart of our Christian joy: and rose again on the third day, and ascended into heaven.

Some time ago I refused to say hello to an abortionist gynecologist - but as is well known, I am rigid without charity and mercy -, refusing to sit at the table with him at a dinner hosted by various clinical friends to whom I told: «I don't sit at the table with Herod who carries out the massacre of innocents every day». I said goodbye and left. Attitudes, these of mine, certainly the result of rigidity and lack of mercy towards a man considered extraordinary by all. In fact, you should know that this new Herod volunteered for abused women and during the year went to serve in poor African countries, even leaving you his personal donations. In short, a man of charity, a man of God according to certain "Catholic scum" incapable of understanding what he means: «The publicans and the pagans do not do the same?».

As is well known, I am a spiritual director or confessor of many priests. Over the last year I have painfully and lovingly accompanied two out of the priesthood, inviting them to ask for dispensation from the sacred ministry and the obligations of celibacy. Reason? Both had completely lost their faith. A quel point, in science and conscience I told them: «Remaining in the priesthood would be the wrong way to try to somehow recover a glimmer of faith». I was wrong, I was perhaps rigid? How long to stop at, because just over a year later, the departments of the Holy See responsible for dealing with certain problems recognized the nullity of the priestly ordination of one of the two, effectively admitting that he really shouldn't be ordained a priest.

You know, or emotional-internet “Catholic” lay people, from what I have often recognized the terrible training for the priesthood of certain priests, their serious lack of faith or their serious spiritual crises? From their hyper-activism in the social sector, from their being all projected towards the there are children and towards social and charitable works, just to give meaning to their lack of faith or to avoid and not face their serious spiritual crises generated upstream by a bad or even disastrous formation for the priesthood. And sometimes, with subjects of this kind, I had to work for years, not always with good results, because if the priest doesn't train him first, forming it afterwards is almost impossible.

I started this article by saying my age, I did it for a specific reason which I will explain to you now: reading the rigorously insulting comments of certain people fans of the priest tiktoker, I fell back to my adolescence, acknowledging with sadness and regret that certain "Catholic scum" have not yet emerged from the unfortunate and disastrous seventies of the twentieth century. In those years I was a teenager but perhaps already inclined - who knows! - to be rigid. Therefore I remember certain things well there are children who talked about Che Guevara and Jesus Christ, confusing one with the other, who played guitar and sang at the Holy Masses God is dead Francesco Guccini, praising Friedrich Nietzsche, while the poor faithful lined up to receive the Body of Christ. Then in the evening they went to meetings at the Lotta Continua or Proletarian Democracy headquarters, occasionally throwing a few rocks at the State Police during demonstrations. And when they returned to the parish oratory they talked about revolution and said that the Church needed to be revolutionized, inside which - listen, hear! - you had to be cheerful, because Christianity is joy and love. In those years, similar stupid priests, they were trying to attract there are children saying that Christ was a great revolutionary and that the Church had to put him at the center there are children. The exact same speeches of most of the fans of the priest tiktoker that attracts i c’iovani and who does a lot of social apostolate, even with children suffering from cancer, in short, a holy model of priestly virtues compared to which Saint John Mary Vianney is very little! How sad, forty years have passed in vain without some people understanding anything, stubborn, even violently if necessary, in not wanting to understand that the Church of Christ is something else and that ai c’iovani you have to present a project that is far from easy to implement in life:

"Enter through the narrow gate, for wide is the gate and broad the way that leads to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:; how narrow is the door and how narrow is the way that leads to life, and few there be that find!» (Mt 7, 13-14).

Between one of his precious social-charitable activities and another, including children suffering from cancer in the oncology department of the Gaslini in Genoa, the priest who does the sketch he should remember that when the bishop consecrated him as a priest, his, like all of us, he said:

"Understand what you do, imitate what you celebrate, conform your life to the mystery of the cross of Christ the Lord " (See. Rite of the Sacred Ordination of Priests).

All this the stupid priest tiktoker he understood it so well to the point of being ironic about the incarnation of the Word of God before the tabernacle. Just to reiterate that calling him an idiot in the face of all this is a true act of charity and mercy. Or by chance some bishop told him to conform to Carlo Verdone to attract the there are children? The replica is ready fans: «He fills the churches!». Yup, but what does it fill them with?? Maybe of there are children who see the nice priest instead of seeing the mystery of Christ God? Who fills them with, perhaps with ex-68ers who still think they can rewrite the faith and the Church to their liking, happy beyond measure if they find a priest of great charity and great apostolate who de-sacralizes the mysteries of faith?

I am happy to have called you ashamed of a priest to a brother who manifested himself as such, beyond all his social and charitable activities, this could help him reflect on the fact that publicans and pagans carry out good works and social works even greater than his. With all due respect to his family fans turned out to be mostly violent and insulting "Catholic rabble" who would like to transform the Church of Christ into an equestrian circus, as if it wasn't bad enough already.

Our mission as priests it is not to please the world but to fight it and say no to its anti-Christian perversions. I know very well that it would be much more comfortable to say: "Yup, it is true, they are two men, but what does it mean, as long as they love each other, because God is love and mercy, not prohibition, not judgement, least of all punishment. God does not punish anyone, This is what the rigid believe and say. God is love, love and forgive everyone". Some even add: «Certain couples of “married men” are very sensitive and if we even give them a child for adoption they are better and more tender than many heterosexual couples». And so on, whoever wants to understand should understand, because this is the reality of nice priest: just say bad is good and good is bad and the world will love you and put you on a pedestal. Or someone thinks that at the tender age of sixty and with years of priesthood behind him, didn't understand what the world wants to hear, to like a priest and turn him into your idol?

Our mission is not to do i jocks watch there are children, but to tell them the things they don't want to hear, with tact and delicacy, aware of facing total rejection from the majority of them and the most ferocious criticisms and attacks from those around them. Starting from their disastrous parents, ready to stamp their feet and pretend to be right if they say that it is good and right that their twenty-year-old daughter has gone to live with her boyfriend, «because today it's not like it used to be, things have changed and we need to be flexible and understanding", then adding that disguised threat that the true pastor in care of souls should not care at all: "Otherwise, with your way of thinking, move away there are children from the Church!».

To those who say they are Catholic it is necessary to clearly say what is good and what is bad, for their lives and the health of their souls, in this society of ours to disaster, especially among young people. Our mission is to prevent that in the name of an unspecified “love” let the worst perversions in the world be introduced like a Trojan horse into the House of God by social-idiotic priests, to the point of making fools in front of the tabernacle of the Blessed Sacrament with the vestments on, ironically about the mystery of the Incarnation of the Word of God, while the ex-sixty-eight grandmothers - those who when young ran en masse to vote for the referendum in favor of abortion and then go on to sign in favor of euthanasia at Marco Cappato's banquets - between a bout of rheumatoid arthritis and a prolapsed uterus they are pleased with the there are children who have fun in church with cool priest, because with him everything is joy, other than that strange idea of “love” that justifies everything, starting from the worst sins, including those who cry to heaven.

Of course, joy and happiness. It's proof of it, emblematic in its own way, the Blessed Virgin Mary, that under the cross there was a blaze of joy, while the Blessed Apostle John, to cheer her up even more while Christ was dying, he recited to her the verses of the Roman satyrs ancestors of Carlo Verdone. Then there are the rigid ones who instead sing «Mother stood beside the cross weeping, While her Son», unable to understand how important it is to sing: "Unleash the joy, Today the feast is, dai, sing with us, the party here we are ", because «Christianity is the religion of joy, of love and life". Yup, but there is only one “piccolo” that for which: joy is reached through the passion of love of the cross and life, that of eternal bliss - which is a reward and not a due right - is achieved through death, often preceded by illness and suffering. It is written:

«Then Jesus said to his disciples: “If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross and follow me. Because who will want to save their life, will lose it; but whoever loses his life for my sake, You shall find”» (Mt 16.24-25).

Far from unleashing joy, we are the party. “Catholic scum” … «Via, away from me, cursed, the eternal fire, prepared for the devil and his angels " (Mt 25,41).

 

From the island of Patmos, 13 September 2023

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Religious marriage canceled or invalid? The reform of the canonical matrimonial process

RELIGIOUS MARRIAGE CANCELED OR VOID? THE REFORM OF THE CANONICAL MARRIAGE PROCESS

We are really sure that «only the rich can afford to go to Rome at the Tribunal of the Sacred Rota to get high cancel weddings and getting married again in church"?

– Theology and canon law –

AuthorTeodoro Beccia

Author
Teodoro Beccia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Those who dedicate themselves to the care of souls, he is often forced to read on the various blogs of wise all-rounders, or to hear statements of this kind directly from the mouth of certain naive or ill-informed believers: «Only the rich can afford to go to Rome at the Tribunal of the Sacred Rota to get stoned cancel weddings and getting married again in church".

A marriage, both the one contracted between two rich people and the one contracted between two poor people, no one has the power to undo it, because the Sacraments are not available goods, let alone voidable. If the money was enough to cancel a rich man's wedding, the Church would have been spared the English schism of 1533, originated from Henry VIII who left his wife Catherine to marry Anne Boleyn. In that case we wouldn't have even had a famous martyr saint, Thomas More, sentenced to death for having declared illicit the act of supremacy exercised by the sovereign over the Catholic Church of England, which produced a schism, precisely because no one had the power to annul a Sacrament.

A marriage can be declared null and void, not cancelled, in fact declare the nullity it's something totally different from cancel. It is not the "expensive" Sacred Roman Rota referred to as the "court for the rich" that checks whether the elements of matrimonial nullity exist., but the diocesan ecclesiastical tribunals. The Tribunal of the Sacred Rota is one of the three judicial bodies of the Holy See and is based at Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, which in the ecclesiastical legal system is equivalent to the Supreme Court of Cassation of our Italian legal system:

«The Apostolic Signatura, as an administrative tribunal for the Roman Curia, judges appeals against singular administrative acts, both established by the Departments and the Secretariat of State and approved by them, whenever it is discussed whether the contested act has violated any law, in deliberating or proceeding" [see WHO].

Claim that «marriages are dissolved by the Rota» it would be equivalent to saying that a cause, rather than in the ordinary court (first degree) or the court of appeal (second degree) be discussed directly at the Supreme Court of Cassation (!?).

Many Catholic faithful united in a sacred marriage bond, either out of superficiality or out of ignorance, they never bothered to contact the parish priests or the bishops directly to represent the situations of their failed marriages and asking if there were the necessary elements to be able to intervene with a sentence of nullity, which is the responsibility of the Diocesan Tribunal. Most divorce and remarry, then if anything they go around saying, some even crying, that "only the rich can afford to pay to have their marriages annulled by the Church" (sic!).

The costs of a matrimonial nullity case they are truly laughable, when compared with the costs and fees of Italian civil lawyers who handle divorce cases. To avoid any kind of abuse, the Holy See has established a precise tariff for the out-of-pocket expenses of these causes which can amount to a minimum of 1.600 to a maximum of 3.000 Euro. Furthermore, free legal aid is provided and granted for poor people. The cases under appeal before the Roman Rota, following the Rescript of the Supreme Pontiff Francis of 7 December 2015 they are free:

«The Roman Rota should judge cases according to evangelical generosity, that is, with patronage out of office, except for the moral obligation for wealthy believers to pay an oblation of justice in favor of the causes of the poor" [see WHO].

The Apostolic Letters in the form of a Motu Proprio: Gentle Judge Lord Jesus e Gentle and merciful Jesus (for the Latin rite churches and the Eastern rite churches respectively), promulgated by His Holiness Francis II 15 August 2015, they intervened to reform the matrimonial procedural matter in response mainly to the delay with which the judgment was usually defined, to the detriment of the faithful who were forced to wait a long time for the definition of their state of life, as well as to satisfy the need, raised in the ecclesiastical context, to make the procedures for recognizing cases of nullity more accessible and agile.

In this regard it is necessary to reiterate that the marital process does not “annul” the marriage (as it is often mistakenly indicated) but intervenes to ascertain the nullity of a marriage, albeit celebrated with the necessary external forms. In this perspective, Pope Francis wanted to share the task of protecting the unity and discipline of marriage with the diocesan bishops. Also the reform, aiming for greater speed of proceedings, can fully ensure the need to obtain a response to requests for justice within a reasonable time.

In the reform we can highlight some principles aimed at placing the care and pastoral accompaniment of the faithful who have experienced the failure of their marriage at the center of the procedure. With the Motu Proprio the Pope foresees the centrality of the figure of the Bishop as a "natural judge" and asks that each diocesan Bishop personally have a collegial Court, or a Single Judge, and that you judge personally in the process shorter. So: the Bishop himself is the judge and this emerges especially in the short trial. The judicial process requires, if possible, the collegiate judge but it is the Bishop's power to appoint a Single Judge.

The need to simplify and streamline procedures led to review, when the circumstances established by the pontifical document occur, the ordinary process. In this sense, the most significant innovations were:

1) the abolition of the mandatory double compliant sentence: if you do not file an appeal within the required time, the first sentence, which declares the nullity of the marriage, becomes executive;

2) the establishment of a new trial, shorter, which operates in the most obvious cases of nullity, with the personal intervention of the Bishop at the time of the decision. This last form of trial is applied in cases in which the accused nullity of the marriage is supported by the joint request of the spouses and by clear arguments, the evidence of marital nullity being quickly demonstrated. The final decision, of declaration of nullity or referral of the case to the ordinary trial, it belongs to the Bishop himself. Both the ordinary process and that shorter However, they are processes of a purely judicial nature, which means that the nullity of the marriage can only be pronounced if the judge achieves "moral certainty" on the basis of the documents and evidence collected.

The pontifical documents of August 2015 have therefore led to a simplification of the procedures for the possible declaration of marital nullity. The Holy Father wanted the Bishop, in whose particular church entrusted to him he is pastor and leader, let him also be a judge among the faithful entrusted to him. In the pastoral context, the Bishop will entrust the preliminary investigation to suitable people, which will serve to collect the useful elements for the introduction of the judicial process, ordinary or shorter, supporting and helping spouses through legally trained individuals. The preliminary investigation will conclude with the drafting of the application, o libello, to be presented to the Bishop or the competent court. Normally it is the spouses who challenge the marriage, perhaps jointly, but the promoter of justice can also do it according to the dictates of can. 1674. Before accepting the case, the judge must be certain that the marriage has irremediably failed, so as to make it impossible to re-establish marital cohabitation. The competent court will normally be chosen according to the provisions of can. 1672 (the court of the place where the marriage was celebrated; the court of the place where one or both parties have their domicile or quasi-domicile; the court of the place where most of the evidence actually needs to be collected).

In the matrimonial process the competent Judicial Vicar, once the libellus has been received by decree notified to the parties and to the defender of the bond, he must first admit it if he sees any basis in it. Subsequently, will have to notify it to defender of the bond and to the party who did not sign the libellus, which has a period of fifteen days to respond. Once this deadline has elapsed, the Judicial Vicar establishes the formula of the doubt, determining the nullity of the case; establishes whether the case will be handled with the ordinary procedure or shorter; in the case of an ordinary trial, with the same decree constitutes the college of judges o, lacking, appoints the single judge.

Regarding the evaluation of evidence, the Motu Proprio introduces some new features which are reported below. First of all, the principle of the value of the parties' declarations is strengthened, that, if they enjoy credible texts, considered all the evidence and arguments that, in the absence of refutation, can take on the value of full proof. Even the testimony of just one witness can be fully authentic. In cases of impotence or lack of consent due to mental illness or psychic anomaly, the work of one or more experts will have to be called upon, unless from the circumstances it appears unnecessary. Yet, if during the investigation of the case a doubt arises as to the probable non-consummation of the marriage, it will be sufficient to hear the parties to suspend the cause of nullity, complete the investigation in view of the dispensation super rated and transmit the documents to the Apostolic See, combined with the request for dispensation of one or both parties and completed by the vote of the tribunal and the Bishop. In reference to the fit process shorter, needs to be clarified, in summary, or in the presence of factual situations indicative of the evident nullity of the marriage, proven by witnesses or documents, the diocesan Bishop has the competence to judge the application.

This new ritual, in other words, allows the diocesan Bishop to issue a sentence of nullity in cases in which the following conditions exist:

a) the request is proposed by both spouses or by one of them with the consent of the other;

b) the circumstances of facts and people make the nullity manifest. These circumstances, normally found in preliminary ruling or pastoral investigations and listed by way of example in the art. 14 of the Procedural Rules, they are not new heads of nothingness. It deals with, simply, of situations that jurisprudence considers symptomatic elements of invalidity of marital consent. They can even clearly suggest the nullity of the marriage. In particular they are:

1) the lack of faith that generates the simulation of consensus or the error that determines the will;

2) the brevity of marital cohabitation;

3) abortion procured to prevent procreation;

4) the obstinate persistence in an extramarital relationship at the time of the wedding or immediately thereafter;

5) the malicious concealment of sterility or a serious contagious disease or of children born from a previous relationship or of imprisonment;

6) the cause of the marriage unrelated to married life or consisting in the woman's unexpected pregnancy;

7) physical violence inflicted to extort consent;

8) the lack of use of reason proven by medical documents.

They will be needed to start a process shorter:

a) the request proposed by both spouses or by one of them with the consent of the other, to the Bishop or Judicial Vicar;

b) the pamphlet with the facts on which the application is based, the evidence that can be collected by the judge, the documents attached to the application. Given the evident presence of factual situations indicative of the nullity of the marriage, proven by testimonies or documents, the competence to judge fit shorter it falls to the diocesan bishop, following the presentation of the pamphlet, who will have to present the facts, indicate the evidence and attach the documents on which the application is based and which must be presented to the diocesan judicial vicar.

As the Dean of the Roman Rota underlined at the time, this reform of the matrimonial process has a substantial impact and comes after three hundred years in which the matter had remained substantially unchanged. Following the reform of 2015 both the diocesan Bishops and the Metropolitans will have to proceed with the establishment of the diocesan tribunal. If a court already exists, but which has no jurisdiction for matrimonial nullity, the Bishop will be able to issue a decree with which he confers jurisdiction on his own tribunal. Moreover, if it is impossible to have a panel of three judges, the Bishop must decide to entrust the cases to a single judge, or decide to join an interdiocesan court competent in matrimonial matters pursuant to can. 1673 § 2 CIC, while considering this a residual rule to which the bishop must resort only when, due to the shortage of adequately trained personnel, it is impossible to establish a competent court in matrimonial matters. We remind you that with the entry into force of By the proper motion of the gentle judge, Lord Jesus was, de facto, repealed the provisions of Motu Proprio Here care, promulgated in turn by Pope Pius XI on 8 December 1938, which established the regional courts with jurisdiction in matrimonial matters.

If you want correct and timely information, Don't go online and type "annulment of religious marriage" into a search engine., because you will find pages and pages of wrong comments and just as many self-styled experts who write things that are sometimes even more senseless on their blogs. Contact the bishops and priests.

 

Velletri of Rome, 12 September 2023

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What it really means to become small to enter the Kingdom of Heaven?

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

WHAT IT REALLY MEANS TO MAKE YOURSELF SMALL TO ENTER THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN?

"During that time, Jesus told his disciples: “If your brother commits a crime against you, go and admonish him between you and him alone; if he will listen to you, you will have gained your brother; if he doesn't listen, prendi ancora con te una o due persone, perché ogni cosa sia risolta sulla parola di due o tre testimoni. Se poi non ascolterà costoro, dillo alla comunità; e se non ascolterà neanche la comunità, sia per te come il pagano e il pubblicano».

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PDF print format article

.HTTPS://youtu.be/4fP7neCJapw

 

One religioso che aveva un senso molto pratico delle cose e degli uomini mi ripeteva spesso che le società sono belle, in numero dispari, minore di tre. Il vecchio detto mirava a sottolineare che non appena le comunità si espandono di numero e in distribuzione territoriale subito nascono anche i problemi e, so, la necessità di ricavare regole per dirimerli o almeno arginarli. The pagina evangelica di questa domenica, che riporta alcuni detti di Gesù in tal senso, sembra infatti essere scaturita dalle difficoltà che si presentarono nelle comunità giudeo-cristiane sul finire del I secolo d.C. Ecco il brano evangelico:

"During that time, Jesus told his disciples: “If your brother commits a crime against you, go and admonish him between you and him alone; if he will listen to you, you will have gained your brother; if he doesn't listen, prendi ancora con te una o due persone, perché ogni cosa sia risolta sulla parola di due o tre testimoni. Se poi non ascolterà costoro, dillo alla comunità; e se non ascolterà neanche la comunità, sia per te come il pagano e il pubblicano. Verily I say unto you: tutto quello che legherete sulla terra sarà legato in cielo, e tutto quello che scioglierete sulla terra sarà sciolto in cielo. In verità io vi dico ancora: se due di voi sulla terra si metteranno d’accordo per chiedere qualunque cosa, il Padre mio che è nei cieli gliela concederà. Perché dove sono due o tre riuniti nel mio nome, lì sono io in mezzo a loro”» (Mt 18, 15-20).

Ci troviamo all’interno del capitolo diciotto del primo Vangelo che riporta il cosiddetto “discorso alla comunità” introdotto dal gesto di Gesù di collocare un bimbo al centro dei discepoli e chiedere loro di farsi piccoli come lui per diventare «il più grande nel regno dei cieli»1. Di seguito l’invito a non scandalizzare il piccolo bambino e a non disprezzarlo, pena una fine miserevole giù per la ‘Geenna’ dove si giacerà come un oggetto abbandonato in discarica, while him, il piccolo, avrà sempre in alto un angelo che rimirerà il volto di Dio Padre.

La preoccupazione di Gesù nasce dalla consapevolezza che le comunità cristiane, così come fu per il primo nucleo dei suoi discepoli, saranno attraversate da dinamiche relazionali e di potere che potranno ingenerare scandali i quali screditeranno l’esperienza cristiana non solo agli occhi del mondo, ma riusciranno a indebolire anche i rapporti all’interno delle stesse; in particolare nei riguardi di coloro che Gesù chiama piccoli e deboli, che necessariamente accuseranno più di altri certi comportamenti. Per Gesù nessuno dovrebbe sperdersi, soprattutto chi è in posizione di minorità. Infatti prima del brano odierno narrò la breve parabola della pecora perduta:

«Che cosa vi pare? Se un uomo ha cento pecore e una di loro si smarrisce, non lascerà le novantanove sui monti e andrà a cercare quella che si è smarrita? Verily I say unto you: se riesce a trovarla, si rallegrerà per quella più che per le novantanove che non si erano smarrite. Così è volontà del Padre vostro che è nei cieli, che neanche uno di questi piccoli si perda»2.

there, At that time, di seguito una specie di road map del comportamento da seguire in caso si presenti la situazione del peccatore che arreca scandalo e divisione. Nelle parole di Gesù si coglie l’eco di esperienze concretamente vissute nelle comunità ferite da certi peccati, le quali interrogarono i capi delle stesse al fine di formulare indicazioni improntate alla gradualità, alla discrezione e al rispetto verso tutti. Ma anche a fermezza, come sottolineato dal ripetersi per ben cinque volte di proposizioni condizionali, nel breve spazio di tre versi: «Se tuo fratello; Se ti ascolterà; Se non ascolterà; Se non ascolterà costoro; Se non ascolterà neanche l’assemblea». Testimonianze di una riflessione ecclesiale sui casi concreti verificatisi e della nascita di una pratica disciplinare con regole e limiti volti a impedire la disgregazione della comunità e che certi episodi si ripetano. Questa esperienza ha fatto maturare una prassi da seguire nel caso si presentino queste situazioni:

«Va e ammoniscilo fra te e lui solo; Prendi con te una o due persone; Dillo alla comunità; Sia per te come il pagano e il pubblicano».

Si tratta con ogni evidenza di quei peccati che minano la comunione nella comunità cristiana, dunque di colpe pubbliche e non solamente interpersonali. Why in this case, se si trattasse di un problema sorto fra due persone credenti, l’unica via da percorrere sarebbe quella del perdono senza misura:

«Allora Pietro gli si avvicinò e gli disse: ”Signore, if my brother commits sins against me, how many times will I have to forgive him? Up to seven times?”. And Jesus answered him: “I don't tell you until seven times, ma fino a settanta volte sette”». (Mt 18, 21-22).

Ma nel caso di una colpa pubblica che arreca danno alla comunione, nonostante la parabola di Gesù sulla pecora perduta e l’insegnamento sul perdono, la strada da seguire, fatto tutto il possibile e con la comunità posta con le spalle al muro, potrà giungere anche alla scelta dolorosa della separazione. Ne abbiamo un ricordo nelle parole di San Paolo che di vita comunitaria se ne intendeva:

"We hear that some among you are living a disorderly life, without doing anything and always in turmoil. Such people, urge in the Lord Jesus Christ, ordiniamo di guadagnarsi il pane lavorando con tranquillità. I will, siblings, non stancatevi di fare il bene. Se qualcuno non obbedisce a quanto diciamo in questa lettera, prendete nota di lui e interrompete i rapporti, perché si vergogni; non trattatelo però come un nemico, ma ammonitelo come un fratello»3.

E altrove:

«Vi esortiamo, siblings: ammonite chi è indisciplinato, fate coraggio a chi è scoraggiato, sostenete chi è debole, siate magnanimi con tutti»4.

Come avviene dunque questa correzione fraterna se in una comunità un membro pecca («Se il tuo fratello commetterà una colpa contro di te ― Ἐὰν δὲ ἁμαρτήσῃ ⸂εἰς σὲ⸃ ὁ ἀδελφός σου»)? Nel testo greco troviamo il verbo ‘amartanoἁμαρτάνω’ che ha il significato di errare, fallire e per estensione anche peccare e rendersi colpevole. The v.15 contiene l’espressione ‘contro di te’ (εἰς σὲ), presente in molti testimoni del testo, ma assente in altri. In my opinion, se teniamo per vero quanto detto sopra sulla differenza fra un peccato pubblico che mina la comunione ecclesiale e quello interpersonale, potrebbe trattarsi di un’aggiunta per armonizzare la presente frase con quella che Pietro rivolgerà a Gesù poco dopo e sopra riportata: "Man, se il mio fratello commette colpe against me, how many times will I have to forgive him?»; un effetto abbastanza frequente fra i copisti. Se un fratello peccherà, quale sarà allora l’iter da seguire per una correzione veramente cristiana? Il cammino sarà svolto in tre passaggi. Innanzitutto la correzione personale, «fra te e lui solo», poiché se il fratello ascolterà e si ravvedrà il problema sarà risolto senza l’imbarazzo di coinvolgere altri. Se questo ascolto non si attiverà sarà necessario il coinvolgimento di due o tre testimoni, come già prevedeva il Deuteronomio: «Un solo testimone non avrà valore contro alcuno»5. In questo modo verrà garantito sia il diritto della persona accusata che la solidità della testimonianza portata su ‘ogni parola’ (became. pân rhêma; il testo CEI ha: everything). Si rimane ancora a livello del dialogo e della possibilità di spiegarsi, quando la presa di parola nella Chiesa dà la possibilità di presentare le proprie opinioni e aprirsi ad un ascolto reciproco. Ma se anche in questo caso l’ascolto decade allora “dillo alla Chiesa”. L’ultima istanza sarà la comunità ecclesiale, l’assemblea locale. La correzione dovrà a questo punto svolgersi nel contesto allargato dell’intera comunità. But, sia nel rapporto a tu per tu, che davanti ad alcuni testimoni o di fronte all’assemblea, l’elemento discriminante della correzione rimarrà la relazione e la capacità di ascolto. In altre parole quella libertà interiore, con l’umiltà e l’apertura che riconoscono la bontà del rimprovero mosso e che porta a rinunciare a difendersi contrattaccando o negando e rimuovendo il rimprovero.

Purtroppo il fantasma dell’ego aleggia sempre sulle nostre personalità o sulle nostre relazioni impedendo il vero ascolto dell’anima, sia la personale che quella comunitaria. Coi suoi tranelli, che sono i pensieri egoici, eserciterà un blocco che impedirà la cura e l’ascolto di queste anime e cioè quel ‘ritornare bambini’ di cui parlava Gesù, come sopra ricordato.

È a questo punto che le strade della comunità e del peccatore potranno separarsi. Quando anche l’ultima istanza della sequenza di correzione incontrerà il non ascolto Gesù dirà: «sia per te come il pagano e il pubblicano» (Mt 18,17). È interessante notare che con questa formula di esclusione venga accordato alla comunità un potere, quello di sciogliere e legare, che in precedenza era stato affidato al singolo Pietro (Mt 16,19): sciogliere e legare significano perdonare e escludere, permettere e proibire. La comunità, l’assemblea ecclesiale, è dotata del potere di ammissione o di esclusione, dove la scomunica sarà l’ultima scelta (cf. 1Color 5,4-5)6, mentre il vero grande potere sarà quello del perdono. La correzione fraterna infatti mentre è rivolta al peccatore perché ne riconosca il bene è al contempo dono dello Spirito7 per la stessa comunità che mai dovrà arrivare a odiare il fratello, ma continuare ad amarlo mentre svolge il servizio della verità:

«Non odierai il tuo fratello nel tuo cuore, ma correggerai apertamente il tuo prossimo, così non ti caricherai di un peccato contro di lui» (Lv 19,17).

La letteratura neotestamentaria, che riporta per forza di cose queste situazioni, è piena di indicazioni volte a considerare il peccatore sempre come un fratello:

«Se qualcuno non obbedisce a quanto diciamo in questa lettera, prendete nota di lui e interrompete i rapporti, perché si vergogni; non trattatelo però come un nemico, ma ammonitelo come un fratello» (2Tes 3, 15); «Fratelli miei, se uno di voi si allontana dalla verità e un altro ve lo riconduce, costui sappia che chi riconduce un peccatore dalla sua via di errore lo salverà dalla morte e coprirà una moltitudine di peccati» (GC 5, 19-20).

Nonostante la possibilità della separazione, ultima ratio, nelle parole di Gesù persiste uno spazio dove è possibile ancora ritrovarsi e cioè la preghiera rivolta al Padre. Riprendendo infatti il detto rabbinico «Quando due o tre sono insieme e tra loro risuonano le parole della Torah, allora la Shekinah, la Presenza di Dio, è in mezzo a loro» (Pirqé Abot 3,3), Gesù lo trasformò ponendo la sua persona come centro dell’incontro: «Perché dove sono due o tre riuniti nel mio nome, lì sono io in mezzo a loro». Nonostante la separazione sarà dunque sempre possibile pregare insieme per qualsiasi conflitto. Paolo stigmatizzerà l’uso dei corinti di rivolgersi ai tribunali pagani per risolvere contese e liti sorte fra i cristiani: «È già per voi una sconfitta avere liti tra voi8. Perché chi crede in Gesù risorto e possiede il suo Spirito troverà sempre in Lui un luogo di incontro (cf.. il verbo sunaghein – synághein del v. 20: riuniti nel mio nome) e nella preghiera al Padre l’accordo; quel ‘La’ che darà di nuovo inizio alla sinfonia della fraternità fra i credenti (cf.. il verbo accordarsi, sunfoneo – symphonéo al v. 19).

In tutti i commenti ai brani evangelici della domenica che fin qui ho prodotto per i Lettori de L’Isola di Patmos ho tenuto come leitmotif di fondo il tema della fede in Gesù. Perché mi sembrava necessario, soprattutto nell’epoca attuale della Chiesa, non dimenticare quanto sia preminente ― non maggiore ma in armonia con le opere della carità ― la fede in Cristo risorto che rappresenta il vero ‘specifico’ cristiano. Quella fede in Gesù che apre orizzonti di senso, ci rende pieni di visioni, diventa capacità ermeneutica del tempo che ci è dato di vivere. A volte rischia di scomparire dall’orizzonte della Chiesa quando essa si pensa più grande rispetto a Gesù che si fa piccolo, come quel bambino collocato in mezzo ai discepoli di cui ha parlato all’inizio l’odierna pagina del Vangelo. E alla fine della stessa Egli si metterà di nuovo al centro fra i discepoli che vorranno ritrovare con la preghiera l’armonia dopo le contese. Se non si perderà o occulterà questo centro si avrà modo di vivere l’autentica fraternità. Fratello (adelfosἀδελφός nel v. 15) è infatti il termine col quale il Vangelo chiama ogni membro della comunità che è la Chiesa: «Voi siete tutti fratelliperché uno solo è il Padre vostro» (Mt. 23, 8-9). La fraternità è probabilmente l’altro ‘specifico’ cristiano che mi sembra dobbiamo oggi recuperare: nel sentire profondo di ognuno, nel vivere quotidiano, dentro i mondi incontrati ed abitati, nelle relazioni e nelle interazioni, perfino in quelle virtuali dove le polarizzazioni sono diventate acute e nelle assemblee liturgiche che sono punto di arrivo e di ripresa della vita cristiana. La fraternità fu il primo manifesto che balzò agli occhi di coloro che incontrarono i discepoli di Gesù e fu riconosciuto come un loro tratto distintivo più e più volte rammentato nelle testimonianze scritte:

«Dopo aver purificato le vostre anime con l’obbedienza alla verità per amarvi sinceramente come fratelli, amatevi intensamente, di vero cuore, gli uni gli altri» (1PT 1, 22); «Da questo tutti sapranno che siete miei discepoli, se avrete amore gli uni per gli altri» (GV 13, 35); «Siamo fratelli, invochiamo uno stesso Dio, crediamo in uno stesso Cristo, sentiamo lo stesso Vangelo, cantiamo gli stessi salmi, rispondiamo lo stesso Amen, ascoltiamo lo stesso Alleluia e celebriamo la stessa Pasqua» (St. Augustine)9.

Happy Sunday everyone!

from the Hermitage, 9 September 2023

 

NOTE

[1] Mt 18, 4

[2] Mt, 18, 12-14

[3] 2Tes, 3, 11-15

[4] 1Tes 5, 14

[5] Deut 19, 15: «Un solo testimone non avrà valore contro alcuno, per qualsiasi colpa e per qualsiasi peccato; qualunque peccato uno abbia commesso, il fatto dovrà essere stabilito sulla parola di due o di tre testimoni»

[6] «Nel nome del Signore nostro Gesù, essendo radunati voi e il mio spirito insieme alla potenza del Signore nostro Gesù, questo individuo venga consegnato a Satana a rovina della carne, affinché lo spirito possa essere salvato nel giorno del Signore»

[7] "Brothers, se uno viene sorpreso in qualche colpa, butter, che avete lo Spirito, correggetelo con spirito di dolcezza. E tu vigila su te stesso, per non essere tentato anche tu».(Gal 6, 1)

[8] 1Color 6, 7

[9] Augustinus., On. in Ps. 54,16 (CCL 39, 668): «Fratres sumus, unum Deum invocamus, in unum Christum credimus, unum Evangelium audimus, unum Psalmum cantamus, unum Amen respondemus, unum Alleluia resonamus, unum Pascha celebramus»

 

San Giovanni all'Orfento. Abruzzo, Mount Maiella, it was a hermitage inhabited by Pietro da Morrone, called in 1294 to the Chair of Peter on which he ascended with the name of Celestine V (29 August – 13 December 1294).

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