THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH.

THE HOLY FATHER FRANCIS AND

Eugenio Scalfari

[…] Scalfari seems to ask the Pope if you can admit a certain relativism of truth. The Pope could argue with relativism, as did Pope Benedict, and instead recognizes that there is a God relate. Of course the Pope's words should not be considered in conflict with Pope Benedict and as an endorsement of relativism, which is a serious defect in the thinking and moral behavior, for which "relativized" not absolute in the sense that the legitimate Pope, but in the sense of making an idol of God in the service of their desires or otherwise relativizzarlo man, as if the man is above God […].

Author
John Cavalcoli OP

when it comes out of the mouths of everything and even more …

When the Pope speaks, should take the high tone, above the cawing of birds. Editrice Vaticana, as we know, published the contents of some talks by Pope Eugenio Scalfari. Some expressions of the Pope in this circumstance caused the time a part of the Catholic world concerns, apprehension and wonder, while the secular world gleefully took the opportunity to present an unfair Pontiff near its positions. I would like to limit myself only to express how, in my view, should be interpreted in fact some words of Pope, to judge of their continuity with the perennial teaching of sound reason, Church and faith.

It may surprise you, first of all, in the letter the Pope wrote to Scalfari, his statement: "I would not call, even for those who believe, of "absolute" truth ", when we know how this expression is traditional not only in philosophy but also in the language of the Magisterium, for God or the divine truth; but to understand what it means to say the Pope, we read the following words: no truth to the "absolute", "In the sense that all is what is untied, what is lacking in any report. Now, the truth, according to Christian faith, is the love of God for us in Jesus Christ. So, the truth is a relationship!”.
It should be noted here that the Pope is not speaking the truth in general or of truth as such, but of divine truth, which in God is the same love (1). So we have to dispel a suspicion of voluntarism that might emerge from a superficial reading of the words of the Pope.

The Holy Father in his general audience

What in this context is the heart of Pope Francis is reminding us that God is in relationship with the world, with the world that He created to love freely and this mainly through the mystery of the Incarnation. So also our relationships with Him, different in each of us, means that the same divine truth is relationships with us in different ways for each of us.
For this reason, and in this sense the truth of God is God's relationship with the world: God knows the world; the truth is intentional relation of a subject to an object: the conformity of intellect and thing, as St. Thomas says, although in the case of God is he who must adapt to things, but they are things that are appropriate to the designer and creator thought that God has for them.

But God's relationship with the world is love, for God loves the world and God in truth and love, as mentioned, are identified in the absolute simplicity of the divine essence. The Pope wishes to focus attention on this issue and in that sense here rejects the term "absolute truth".
We can not imagine fact that the Pope does not continue to treat with traditional language of God in himself as the Absolute and the Absolute Truth, because the term "absolute", joined by a few centuries in the language of philosophy and theology, may be synonymous with "divine", although it is true that not everything that is absolute is divine, because a finite being can be absolute to look for another and relative. But God is absolute in every point of view: is absolutely absolute (2).

It is reasonable and necessary to distinguish truth from about absolute truth and absolute truth. It would be wrong, as it seems to assume Eugenio Scalfari, that there are only relative truths. This is the error of relativism, seen for example in the philosophy of Auguste Comte (SEC. Nineteenth), that says: "Everything is relative, and this is the only absolute principle " (3). Truth or relative can be said in relation to the object or in relation to the subject. If I say "today is Wednesday" and it is actually Wednesday, This truth is relative to the current Wednesday, past which that statement, in relation to the object (what day is it?), ceases to exist. In fact, if I say "today is Wednesday", while it's Thursday, are false in. However, if you consider the person who makes the claim, this may or may appear to be true only in relation to the subject, but be false by an objective point of view, or because the subject is in good faith, wrong without knowing it (the so-called "subjective truth", "Invincible ignorance") or because it is in bad faith, that is opposed to the truth voluntarily ("Ignorance sliced ​​or guilty"). Note that, from the moral point of view, In the first case the person who sins is innocent before God, is guilty while in the second case.

“misses” in candy pink to gay pride … Sodom and Gomorrah had more good taste

Like this, for instance, it is not difficult to show that from the point of view of the moral law sodomy is sin objectively; however, given the current shameful campaign of exaltation of this sin, it is not easy to know whether that particular homosexual knows or does not know sin. In this sense, the Pope uttered that famous phrase: "Who am I to judge?». Since, however, the truth sets the object, we are all obliged to seek the objective truth, that is the real as it is in itself, but it may happen that what seems true is not, for which we are deceived or deceiving us. And what or why we err inadvertently or guilty because we close to the truth. In the first case we apologize, in the second we deserve to be reprimanded.

Here you have a lot of importance to the principle of consciousness. When the Pope says that even the atheist must follow their conscience, the Pope to approve this atheism (you imagine an atheist Pope?). Francis Pope does not teach that the individual consciousness or subjective is the absolute source of truth, but evidently refers to the principle of freedom of conscience (or religion) teaching of the Council, which reminds us that even those who err in good faith, However, you must follow their conscience and is innocent before God [See the previous article on this subject by Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo, who].

For this reason, the State and the Church should allow the wanderer an area of ​​freedom, prejudice of course the basic needs of the common good. In fact there are core values ​​for human society, whose breach is inexcusable and, therefore, in any case must be prevented or repaired, is or is not in good faith or wandering the criminal. It is a principle taught by St. Thomas Aquinas, when he says that the erroneous conscience obliges (4), but at the same time it is clear that the good Aquinas admits to the absolute limits of tolerance.
The subjective consciousness of innocence or of its own right, even if objectively unfounded and unintentionally, is of great consolation and comfort, when one is isolated and misunderstood in a hostile environment, persecuted by unjust laws, betrayed by friends, oppressed by superiors, despised by his subjects, slandered by liars, defamed by malicious or ill-treated by bullies because of truth and justice.

urn containing the remains of Saint Lucia virgin and martyr of Syracuse

This awareness that such tests do without the consent and support of the human, is that which characterizes the strength and freedom of Heroes, saints and martyrs, both in the civil history of the Church in the. In this sense, Christ proclaims blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, and to his disciples: "You will be hated by all for my name's sake" [Mt 10.22]. Instead, who carefully avoids slyly or not to be hated by the world for the sake of the world, so as not to look bad in front of him or to have no trouble, has a guilty conscience and self-righteous, or at least he's a coward and not worthy disciple of Christ, as the divine Teacher says: "If anyone is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, will be ashamed of him the Son of Man, when he comes in his Father's glory with the holy angels " [MC 8,38].

It is useful in this question of objectivity (absoluteness) - Subjectivity (relativity) the truth should also mention the corresponding distinction between truth or epistemological relation to truth as an act of the intellect and truth ontology as the real thing object of knowledge. The relation of truth, which refers to the subject – the truth as a relationship, in the words of the Pope – itself is absolute and immutable, even if the object is mutable: it is true that today is Wednesday, and I say that today is Wednesday, this proposition, in relation to Wednesday which is passed, will remain true forever (true judgment), that is, in absolute, although on Wednesday (object of judgment) increased. Instead, if the object is mutable, the affirmation, just to be true, must change according to changing object, so in relation to the object and the truth is silent on the change of the object. If you arrive on Thursday and I still say that today is Wednesday, evidently false in.

the work of Gilbert Keith Chesterton devoted to Angelic Doctor

The truths are so changeable, instead the absolute truth – human or divine – is immutable, because by definition it is the truth which does not change neither the object, nor, consequently, subject or grade: are objective truths, Fundamental and Universal's own reason and faith. In this sense it is said that the truth is “just one”, otherwise the negation of the principle of non-contradiction.
Speaking of relative truth, The Pope, however, specify that it will not support any subjectivism. In fact, tell the truth "subjective" (as we have defined above) does not necessarily mean subjectivism. The fact is the alleged arbitrary subjectivism and individualism of the individual to be subject to the rule of truth, when instead, as I said, the rule of truth is the object (which can be something of one's self, this means nothing). In subjectivism, the truth is no longer a single, but each one builds its own “truth” as they wish and as it suits them. The truth may be much in the way of many things that are true, but not as said, from the point of view of the relationship of truth.
To understand this, we must remember the distinction I made above. Indeed, from the definition that I just gave, that subjectivity is given, when the subject individual claims to be the absolute rule of truth, What evidently alienissima the intentions and the words of the Pope. Subjectivism you, for instance, the idealistic ego solipsism absolute and all-encompassing, considered as the only source of absolute truth and any other truth (5).
It is true that the Bible does not speak of "absolute" as a divine attribute. There is not even the word (6). Even St. Thomas considers God as the Absolut, neither speaks veritas absoluta. In vain among the divine attributes listed in the Summa Theologica we would seek the attribute of the absoluteness. Among other things, the time of Thomas just gives the concrete "absolute", but not the abstract "absoluteness".

Conversely l 'Absolute for Aquinas is a normal attribute to the finite realities substantial, formal or material. For instance, in the field of logic, for him the abstract universal is a absolutum, as it is timeless, free and independent (by-soluble) individuals who are subject. To understand what it is the absolute, is useful to consider the etymology of the word, which Aquinas closely follows. Sol with that in the nineteenth century theology, especially in German Idealism, is the exploit of the "Absolute". To indicate God, we begin to talk of how '' Absolute '. The tendency of Hegel's monistic solve any real in the Absolute, for which there is only the Absolute, everything is Absolute, everything is in the Absolute, the Absolute is everything (immanentism), because all is One. It is precisely the Absolute One.

For Hegel, the "other" from the Absolute, outside of himself, relativizzerebbe the Absolute, Why, to stand out from the Absolute, should have something that the Absolute has no. But that is not an Absolute Everything, is no longer absolute. Also break the unity of the One-All. For Hegel, however, that escapes instead ,this "other" from the Absolute, may well exist as a body relative to the Absolute ("Being for participation", as St. Thomas says), which is precisely the condition of creaturely, just as in the biblical doctrine of God the Creator of the world, necessarily external to God (Opus ad extra), For everything that's in God is God. Moreover, Hegel does not include the set up does not break the divine unity, because it's not on a par with God in competition with him, but infinitely below (divine transcendence), as picture, effect or sign of divinity.

For Hegel instead, nothing exists outside of the Absolute, and as though he does not give up even admit its, here is that for him, since the relative can not be out of the Absolute, the Absolute itself is conceived as including within itself its, ie the world. God becomes the world and the world becomes God. That is ultimately the Hegelian Absolute is not a true absolute, independent of its, but paradoxically, just to be absolutely, for God, home in his own divine essence the world, according to the famous assertion: "God is not God without the world".

Image of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel retouched by the boys in the mood for jokes. The term Swag, translated into Italian as "booty" or "swag", slang of young people is a worthy replacement for the word "cool" then identifying a person, a piece of clothing or, in general, an object that has style.

For Hegel, we can not give an absolute pure, an Absolute absolutely simple, but the Absolute itself is relative to the world, is "historicized", though then God is, from the point of view of Hegel, to be relevant only to Himself, because the world itself is God coincides with the divine essence. But this obviously removes the distinction between God and the world and you fall into pantheism.

We would of course out of the way if we interpreted in this sense the words of the Pope, who knows by faith and reason that God, in his infinite perfection, could exist even without the world, He being the Absolute, the Infinite, l'Eternal, the most perfect Being, and therefore completely self-sufficient. An "Absolute" itself on the world might not be a true Absolute, because report says dependence that with which it is in relation. The world depends on God, but God does not depend on the world. God's relationship to the world in the sense that it created, knows him and loves him, but not in the sense that it depends on the world. Now, as seen, independence is the character of the absoluteness. If in fact, with the creation and even more with the Incarnation, God has placed in relationship to the world, it is simply because he wanted to free love in the world, It follows necessarily either or "logically" from the divine essence, as Hegel believed.

The question of ' “Absolute ", Kant ignored dall'illuminista, comes to the fore in the romantic philosophy of Fichte, Schelling and Hegel. But for them the Absolute is not what he meant St. Thomas. For these, from-solutm it means rather loose, free, independent, self-sustaining, self-sufficient, who sits on their own, things that might be appropriate for God. But in fact, in Thomas, as I said, it is a divine attribute, logical and ontological category but a moral analogue. If we want, "Absolute" also means "loose", but not with the negative nuance that seems to possess in the words of Pope, because the 'Absolute may have ties made: the universal, as in itself independent from the individual, in fact this is in the individual (one in many). It gave, though independent of man, has wanted to bond with the man with a covenant of love.

We also think all ' “sacramental absolution ". "Acquitted" comes from Absolute, past participle of acquit, which means here dissolve ties that make a slave or prisoner, that is, the bonds of sin. Who is absolved from sins is free, intact and happy. Vice versa, as mentioned, is related that does not fit with the divine essence, because its employee and says God clearly does not depend on any. Only in the mystery of the Trinity are divine relations, the divine Persons, but fails to say dependence, but we speak of "relationship" only source in the equality of the one divine nature. The Son, for instance, originate with the Father, but it is not dependent on the Father as the bottom depends on the upper, or the effect of the cause, but only because it is generated by the Father, that is equal to the common divine nature.

… The Word became flesh

The relationship here is not an accident, but it is subsistent, because it is a divine Person, for which the person RELATED TO THE identical in nature with the divine Person relazionante. Therefore God is the Absolute: God and the Trinity are one absolute Being, God himself. What if in the Bible we find the attribute of the absoluteness, However, attributes are equivalent. The absoluteness in a sense summarizes them all: freedom, the independence, the goodness, eternity, the totality, infinity, the majesty, perfection, the immutabilità. The attribute of the absoluteness retains its value even if in fact God has created a world, became incarnate and therefore has a relationship of knowledge and love for him. God indeed, creating the world, does not change its nature, that is in itself the Absolute. But it is clear, as has been said - and this does the Pope knows this - that God created the world freely, utmost freedom, says the Vatican Council. He could, if he wanted to, Also do not create it. God did not need us, wanted for our sake in Christ begging for our love and ask for a glass of water to the Samaritan woman. "Dio, as St. Augustine says, who created you without you, does not save you without you ".

Hence the dignity, Certain, but also the contingency of the world and the existence of God is absolutely necessary. If there were no God, the world would not hesitate. While the world may not exist, God can not exist, because it is Being itself absolute, is what accounts for the existence of the world: is therefore absolutely Necessary. E-il must be, as he called the great metaphysical Muslim Avicenna, often mentioned by St. Thomas.
The world does not depend on God for logical deduction required, as the properties of the triangle depend from the essence of the triangle, as Spinoza thought. This implies the existence of love in God, a free love, generous, merciful, of free choice. The set does not derive from the divine essence, but is a result of divine will. We do not say that the properties of a triangle depend on the love triangle because, but simply a logical deduction from the essence of the triangle. This is not how the world comes from God, because it comes from the essence of nothing but, by virtue of his wisdom, his freedom, of his goodness and omnipotence.

Photo of Eugenio Scalfari with the funny writing by the Papaboys

Eugenio Scalfari seems to ask the Pope if you can admit a certain relativism of truth. The Pope could argue with relativism, as did Pope Benedict, and instead recognizes that there is a God relate. Of course the Pope's words should not be considered in conflict with Pope Benedict and as an endorsement of relativism, which is a serious defect in the thinking and moral behavior, for which "relativized" not absolute in the sense that the legitimate Pope, but in the sense of making an idol of God in the service of their desires or otherwise relativizzarlo man, as if the man is above God.

It is clear, as the Pope says, what a god, order to be in relationship with us and because we can position ourselves in relationship with Him, is presented to us from time to time in the manner suitable for each of us. But it is one thing to say that God stands in relation to each of us in ways related to each of us and it is one thing to deny God's absoluteness inherent in his divine essence, to make a product or a man or a contingent fact of history and culture. It 'clear that on this point the Pope Francis is in total agreement with Pope Benedict. And they will have no difficulty to subscribe to the words of Pope Francis Scalfari, understood as the Pope understands them and tried to explain.

There may in fact have a healthy relativism, when one recognizes as its what is actually required and it is not an absolute. But as yet there is relativism deleterious, so there is also an equally deleterious absolutism, that excludes the other, exacerbates conflicts, and creates unresolvable dualisms, opposing positions against the so absolute, that seems impossible any way for dialogue and reconciliation. E’ the tragedy of ideology. This is certainly what he means by concluding this part of his letter: "You have well understood the terms and, perhaps, to exit from the confines of an opposition… absolute, reset in depth the issue. I think this is now absolutely necessary to engage in the dialogue and constructive expressed the hope that the beginning of this I say ".

Interestingly, this statement turns up twice ' “absolute ", once as an adjective and another adverb. The concept of "absolute" it is in our own everyday language. Its application depends on the theological meaning of the term analog, which lends itself both to indicate the world, is to describe God. Therefore noOn it is doubtful that the Pope knows everything. But he believes in that Absolute, do not confuse the extreme and foolishly and gnostically, in a false "synthesis", positions in contrast (being with non-being, truth with falsehood, the good with the bad), such as the Hegelian dialectic or pantheism of Emanuele Severino, but in his infinite, beneficial and absolute power of peace and reconciliation unites souls in the absolute truth of eternal bliss.

Fontanellato, 8 November 2014

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Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

WHEN IN FILOFOSIA AND THEOLOGY IN

Relativism BECOME HEALTHY AND CHRISTIAN

talking in public with one of my teachers …

Dearest Father Giovanni,

Since the three of us "guys" from the island of Patmos are long in the crosshairs of certain "traditionalists" and “sedevacantists catatonic”, wishing I could anticiparti their lamentations on the site Lace&Lace, Straight&It's roteche, Latin did not know that I Love You … and so on. And also what if your article is built on the master “philosophy of the day” so dear to our brother Antonio Livi, then your deep sense of Church, pastoral, theological and metaphysical. Even despite, contact: repeat what I have said and written, That's why this time I would like to anticipate, so trite and repetitive are their arguments …
… me too, as you may remember, I was accused by them so heavy. When in fact the journals of gay organizations began to stand out the phrase "Who am I to judge?», while pederasts ideological sentenziavano: "The Pope has opened the world's gay", I replied with my article calling for the correct reception of the sentence of the Holy Father.

Of course, Perhaps the Holy Father expressed a concept devoid of depth explanations, as indeed we often do when we all take for granted certain obviousness, that in this world are not that obvious and least of all discounted. That's why I pointed out that my writing: «The Holy Father expressed a gospel truth: In fact, none of us can judge the most intimate and profound consciousness of man that God alone can read and judge accordingly». From this was born the obviousness of the expression of the Holy Father: "Who am I to judge?». Sentence but, by journalists, intellectuals and politicians on the payroll of the culture of gender, lack the rudiments of basic vocabulary and catechetical Christian, was changed to a completely different meaning expressive, Finally upside down in a completely anti-Christian.
At that time I was attacked by the usual suspects corifeo with amenities like: "Progressista ... vagum Modernist"…

… Now it's up to you again, so get ready to read: "The Father John Cavalcoli climbing on mirrors to understand and mitigate the word" heretical "in this “antiPope”». While the truth is that you recepisci and broadcast in consciousness, science and truth of the Holy Father's words to mean what they say and not for what they do not mean and do not intend to say. Of course, should always be avoided mangled sentences and phrases that might sound ambiguous to most ears willing to hear and incorporate a Christian language. It is in the latter case that we are called to carry out our pastoral ministry in pastoral care and theologians, which is certainly not that of "scrambling", but remember what they mean in our lexicon certain expressions. What we need to remember the ultra-secularists as to certain "traditionalists" who similar way have also lost the proper Christian vocabulary, enough to sit in judgment of conscience “Collective” the College of Bishops in communion with Peter, seizing alleged heresies, even in the most solemn acts of the supreme magisterium, for example, those of the Second Vatican Council, they shamefully defined “heretical” ed “apostate” in the name of an unspecified purity Catholic, behind which lurks in truth the fearsome queen of all the seven deadly sins, the holding as a solid column all the other six: the Superbia.
That's why I find this extremely precious your article and I feel it is our duty to return, occasionally, on certain details, as you taught me to do along with Antonio Livi. No coincidence that we have on purpose to make life on the Island of Patmos ecclesial and pastoral theology according to the doctrine and the perennial teaching of the Church, certainly not according to our subjective humoral. And may the grace of God, to which we wish to be always open — which passes not least through the Magisterium of the Church and the Apostolic authority to his obedience — save us from the formidable Queen: that pride which unfortunately is devastating circles increasingly closed and self-referential Lace&Lace, Straight&It's roteche, Latin did not know that I Love You … and in that way not only aberrant, but worse evil, present themselves as saviors of the Church fomenting daily contempt for the Holy Father, which is not perfect, You can like it or not — and it is quite legitimate that like it or not — but how many times we repeated and how we will never tire of repeating: He is Peter, whether you like it or not like it. And it is a truth of faith dogma that underlies the founding of the Church built on Peter the mandate given to him by Christ Himself. That's why in some cases the pleasure or the pleasure is not really relevant in the most exquisitely philosophical and theological term. Why is there, both in philosophy and in theology, a healthy Christian relativism.

A fraternal embrace and a priestly prayer to remember me to the Blessed Virgin Mary of Fontanellato.

Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

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NOTE

(1) It is known thesis of classical theology, for example in S.Tommaso, that knowledge is identical to loving God. Famous is the dogma of the Council of Florence 1442 for which the divine essence "all is one, unless it is on the opposition of the divine persons " (With God all things are one , ubi non overlooked relations oppositio, Denz. 1330).
(2) For example, the human person has an absolute value in the image of God, but has a relative value as finite creature, and above all, fragile and sinful.
(3) One has to wonder how it is possible, If everything is relative, there is then an absolute principle. This shows how even the most driven relativists can not do without some absolute, which then will not be the real one (It gave) but the absolutism of the value of.
(4) See Part, I-II, q. 19. a. 6
(5) Like for example in the philosophy of Fichte.
(6) But this means nothing: the word "person" does not exist, yet the mystery of the Trinity is one of the fundamental teachings of the Bible.

"Theology of Hope"

AFTER THE SYNOD THE POPE WILL GO BACK TO WEAR THE

RED SHOES?

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[…] The Holy Father Francis can then like it or not, thing entirely legitimate, but by divine will and divine institution remains the keybearer, object and subject as such to our faith and our hope: "Tu sei Pietro», then our authentic and unfailing devotion to the mystery that he embodies.

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Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

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To read this article published on 20.06.2014 click below

Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo – After the Synod, the Pope will return to wearing red shoes

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THE HISTORICAL ACCURACY AS

EDUCATIONAL AND PASTORAL MISSION:

THE CHURCH AND THE GOVERNMENT OF

FRANCISCO FRANCO

[…] at the end of the Spanish Civil War in the thirties of the twentieth century, will be counted 6.832 murdered between the clergy, divided into 13 bishops, 4.184 secular priests, including seminarians, 2.365 Religious and 283 religious; to these must be added at least 60.000 Lay, killed because they are part of the Catholic or some religious association, or simply because they are Christians, as well as several hundred thousand people killed as anti-Marxists, royalist sympathizers or right.

Author
Louis Gadaleta, I. C. *

In 1978, three years after the death of Francisco Franco, a Spanish priest - who was the protagonist and eyewitness of the events of Revolution in Spain 1936, miraculously surviving the fierce anti-Catholic persecution unleashed by anarchists and communists - A group of young left-wing intellectuals who in his presence he said, the worst of any sort on General Francisco Franco, with disarming calm and serene answered:

"I do those terrible years that I've lived and I've seen my brother priests tortured and murdered, nuns raped by hordes of mercenaries in the pay of the Soviet Communists and then killed in a cruel way, churches desecrated, symbols of Christianity destroyed, with immense damage to the artistic ... well, if today met our Lord Jesus Christ who walks arm in arm with Francisco Franco, First I would greet Franco, then the Lord Jesus!».

This hyperbolic expression all played on pure paradox was used to that priest, eighty years old at the time, to tell those so-called intellectuals in their early twenties, veterans from the "glories" of the sixty-eight: "Why do you speak to blind ideology of what you do not know absolutely?»

the lack of historical memory is one of the major tragedies of our modern

In a social situation like ours today, in which the feedback often proceed on the basis of moods lack the most basic historical knowledge, our pastoral task is also to work on a proper recovery of an adequate historical memory, eliminating the history of myths and legends that have been replaced in the historical real: as a matter of fact, "Who does not know the history of the past, is often condemned to repeat it ", as he said the Spanish philosopher and writer George Santayana.

The "clerical complicity" with the Franco regime is still an accusation addressed to the universal Church and the particular Churches of Spain by intellectuals low market, in addition to the accusations against the Popes Pius XI and Pius XII, "Guilty" of having supported this leader rather than the so-called "fighters for freedom and democracy": obviously, many of those who today make such assessments can be found in the circles of the European Left radical chic, stubbornly survived the fall of Communism in the rubble of the Berlin Wall and the victims of their stubborn refusal to accept reality; and if reality conflicts with ideal, so much the worse for reality - Voltaire said! In order to understand certain facts and instead give then a calm assessment on the support given to Franco by the Church and by her two popes, you have to go back in time to the period of the Spanish Revolution, provide the reader with the documented truth of the facts and then leave him in the resulting conclusions, without changing the mood in truth and ideologies in history.

Freemasonry, that much weight and incidence took in all the attacks on the Church in the course of modern history …

The origins of the civil war can be placed from the 1931, when the republic is established in Spain, hegemony of the liberal left and the Masonic: the head of government is Manuel Azaña, anticlerical and turned Mason, that makes up a ministry formed by radical, Socialists and Communists. Incited by their leaders, the anarchist masses begin immediately in several cities: Madrid, Seville, Malaga, Cadiz, Alicante, to make an assault on churches and convents, profanandoli, looting and giving them to the flames. Called on to intervene to protect the personal safety and local, But the government refuses to send the Guardia Civil: "All the convents of Madrid are not worth the life of a single Republican" (1) Azaña declared.
In the following months a constituent assembly, where the Masons are 183, approve a new constitution, that is officially the Democratic, but in practice discriminates against all opposition, and especially virulent against the Church: Catholicism is no longer the state religion, that has now become secular and inspired, especially in the field of education, sectarian theories of Freemasonry; religious congregations are prevented from receiving any public financial support, their movable and immovable property are looted by the state and many of them will be arbitrarily suppressed under the guise of being enemies of the nation; Jesuits are suppressed even express article of the constitution. In addition, the divorce is approved and denied any validity to sacramental marriage.

To men it is totally forbidden to teach and have assets of industry and commerce, and this - combined with the expropriation of property - it throws the most destitute. Religious freedom is possible only in homes and public worship of religion is not allowed, and the government is at pains to prohibit processions, abolish religious education in schools and take away from them and from every public place the crucifix and all religious symbols.

archive photo: two of the nuns of the Visitation pipelines to be shot by the militia red. The seven Visitation nuns were proclaimed blessed martyrs 7 July 1997 together with others 491 Spanish martyrs.

Religious persecution is as violent as it is unjustified, because "the Church has not shown any systematic hostility to the Republic" (2), admit the Mason Alejandro Lerroux blaming, even as a lone voice, the illegality; but the anarchists are pushing for far more radical measures: "The Church has to disappear forever. The temples will no longer serve to promote the most vile complicity. […] I finished the fonts of holy water. It's horrible to see that the Republicans Madrid did not realize the true importance of incendiary blasts that have stained during the first days of July, our social firmament. There are no more shacks Catholic. The torches of the people were incinerated. In their place will be reborn a free spirit who will not have anything in common with the masochism that incubated in the aisles of the cathedrals. […] For this it is clear that there impadroniremo of all its [of the church, N.d.R.] assets that belong to the people for justice. The religious orders have to be dissolved. The bishops and cardinals should be shot. And the church property should be expropriated " (3), the newspaper of the POUM Workers Solidarity.

pectoral cross of the Visitation Sister Cecilia pierced by a bullet and now preserved in the Monastery of the Visitation

The Communists are no less: Trotskyist leader Andrés Nin said that "the working class has solved the problem of the Church simply, leaving even a non-standing ", and 'we have many problems in Spain, and bourgeois republicans did not bother to fix them: the problem of the Church ... ; we have it remedied by going to the root. We have suppressed his priests, churches and worship " (4). You get to say, as the Communist Juan Peyró, that "kill God, ing esistesse, the heat of the revolution, when the people, inflamed by hatred right, tranships, is a very natural fit for human consumption ' (5); "Spain has ceased to be Catholic ' (6), Cortes to Azaña enthused commenting on the constitution in 1931.

archive photo: as well as with the living fury of red rages even on the bodies of priests and religious, that are pulled out of their graves and exposed to gruesome mockery

From Rome, Pope Pius XI condemned the violence of the Godless with the encyclical We love the 1933: "We solemnly protest with all our might against this law, stating that it can not be invoked against the inalienable rights of the Church ", writes, hope that the people of the Iberian induced the rulers' to reform these provisions […] replacing them with other laws to reconcile with the Catholic conscience '.

Nun's corpse out of the grave and exposed on the road

Catholics persecuted advantage of the elections 1934 to send to the government in front of the right, that mitigate as far as possible the measures of persecution and try to restore order in the country, convulsed by violence and expropriation: the Esercito, commanded the Franco, repress the uprising of Asturian miners, that - egged on by the anarchist press - had murdered 33 priests and religious, destroying churches and religious symbols, bombarding the cathedral of Oviedo and even setting fire to the episcopal palace and seminary. But in 1936, expired term, new election marks the rise of the Popular Front, composed of radicals, Social-Communists and anarchists, which allow voting to win a few votes: the violence perpetrated by the left during the campaign shall be reported to the Cortes by right-wing deputy José Calvo Sotelo, the "Spanish Matteotti", my he 13 July 1936 Communists kidnap him and kill him. It is the straw that breaks the camel.

a firing squad of red-staged the shooting of the statue of Christ the Redeemer

Faced with the threat of a Soviet republic Spanish, now seen as inevitable by both sides, the 17 born July a military uprising immediately supported by the right, by monarchists and Catholics: the alzamiento is warmly welcomed in Burgos, Salamanca, Segovia, Avila, Zamora, and Pamplona where people "transformed the coup into a folk festival, spilling into the streets shouting "Live Christ the King!”» (7). The Republican response is immediate: unleashes the merciless hunt Catholic, be a priest or religious is itself worthy of death, as well as having sympathy for religion; churches were systematically looted and burned, or put to any garages or movie, while there is shameful incidents of sacrilege for which the Eucharistic Species are extracted from the tabernacles and trampled, mutilated statues and crucifixes, beheaded and shot. Works of art of inestimable value end up destroyed or stolen from the red fury: Republicans come to the point of opening the ancient tombs in the churches to steal the gold may be present, and even dig up the bodies of nuns and religious exposing them to the derision of the crowd macabre.

the friars of the Order of St. John of God, Fatebenebratelli, dedicated to helping and caring for the sick, taken out of their hospitals and killed by red

The 30 September 1936 the bishop of Salamanca Pla y Daniel exudes his pastoral letter The two cities, that reveals the eyes of the world the horrors and hardships suffered by the Church Iberian, explaining the reasons why the Church and Pius XI blessed Franco and the Nationalists: "The current struggle […] yes covers the external form of a civil war; but it is actually a crusade […] an uprising not to disturb, but to restore order "; a crusade 'in favor of the order against the dissolving communism, for the defense of Christian civilization and its foundations, religion, Home and family, contro i without God and against God. […] The alzamiento Spanish is not merely a civil war, but essentially a crusade for religion, for the country and for civilization against Communism ". For every official act of the Church, Republicans react incrudelendo persecution: were exterminated regardless of all the priests and religious, accanendosi also against the sisters and nuns who are often repeatedly raped before being killed; some priests is promised his life if you will consent to lose one's chastity in brothels, but no one will agree to this ignominy.

At the end of the war, will be counted 6.832 murdered between the clergy, divided into 13 bishops, 4.184 secular priests, including seminarians, 2.365 Religious and 283 religious; to these must be added at least 60.000 Lay, killed because they are part of the Catholic or some religious association, or simply because they are Christians, as well as several hundred thousand people killed as anti-Marxists, royalist sympathizers or right.

Francisco Franco, the cover of the Times

In 1937 all the Spanish bishops signed a joint letter to support the crusade Franco and seek help from European nations, in the meantime are deployed: send volunteers for Franco Catholic nations of Portugal and Ireland, and for the Republicans socialist nations of France and the USSR. Germany and Italy, for political reasons the first and the second political-religious, sent armed contingents in support of the nationalists, that slowly proceed to the liberation of the territories, where the few priests escaped still be living back and restore Catholic worship, Brother di essi Josemaria Escriva, future founder of Opus Dei. In the meantime, Italian military chaplains, make up for the spiritual needs of the Spanish administering the Sacraments.

Among the Italian contingents are the volunteers of the Blackshirts, that well with the militia Republicans are having to fight against their own countrymen: in Spain are, indeed, many Italian Social-shareholders and the ranks of the International Brigades, they see in the Spanish war a crusade against fascism, according to the propaganda of Moscow, Meanwhile, it extends its control on the grid Republican causing the communists to physically eliminate the anarchists to take the lead in war.

contemporary painting depicting the martyrdom of the Augustinian friars. In 1936 the friars of the Order of St. Augustine were killed by militiamen red 97

In the battle around Guadalajara, north of Madrid, the two sides are compared, Italians against Italians: the battle is close and long, from 8 to 25 March 1937; Republicans must absolutely reject the onslaught of nationalist, elated to have just released Malaga, in order to prevent the fall of the capital where they are holed up, and therefore resort to the help of Soviet tanks. After initial successes nationalists, Republicans have the upper hand and the Italian troops are forced to retreat: However, it is a Pyrrhic victory. Not even two years after the victorious troops of General Francisco Franco closed the war will come to the Capital, with the blessing of Pope Pius XII (8), who see with joy the end of an anti-Christian regime and the establishment of a Catholic state which will last until 1975 and expressing the Spaniards his "paternal congratulations for the gift of peace and victory with which God has deigned to crown the Christian heroism of your faith and charity", fighting for Spain, 'Nation chosen by God […] as an impregnable bulwark of faith [that] had to make proselytes materialist atheism of our century the most sublime proof that you are on top of everythingor the eternal values ​​of Religion

i 22 Franciscan martyr dell'Ordine

and of the spirit ". After praising that - despite "the intense propaganda and constant efforts of the enemies of Jesus Christ seem to have wanted to do an experiment in Spain chief of the destructive forces that hold them in the whole world", the Spanish people had risen "decided to defend the ideals of the faith and of Christian civilization" and "helped by God was able to resist the instigation of those, deceived by what he believed a humanitarian ideal of exaltation of humility, in reality, fought not only in favor of atheism "- Pius XII elevated Finally, thanks to the memory of" all those who were able to sacrifice himself heroically in defense of the inalienable rights of God and Religion, both on the battlefield, is enshrined in the sublime offici of Christian charity in prisons and hospitals ».

From this brief historical summary is possible to understand that hyperbole built on pure paradox, to which the elder priest, who had seen his brothers massacred by the hatred of anarchists and communists, appealed illustrating Jesus Christ walking arm in arm with Francisco Franco, the whole thing just to say to the young ideologues: study the history, because if you do not know, you will be doomed to repeat it.

___________________________________________________________________________________

* The AUTORE – Religious Institute of Charity (The Rosminians), earned a master's degree in Contemporary History at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan and theological baccalaureate at the Pontifical Lateran University.

_________________________________________________________

NOTE

(1) Cit. in P. PRESTON, The Spanish Civil War, Oscar Mondadori History, 2000, p. 35.
(2) Cit. in G. ROUX, The civil war of Spain, Trad.. en. Sansoni, Florence, 1966, p. 29.
(3) The Church Down! Editorial anonymous Solidaridad Obrera, 15 August 1936, cit. in A. MOUNTAIN MORENO, Historical summary of the religious persecution in Spain 1936-1939, Madrid, 1961, p. 55-56.
(4) Cit. both in A. MOUNTAIN MORENO, Historical summary, p. 55.
(5) Cit. both in A. MOUNTAIN MORENO, Historical summary, p. 55.
(6) Cit. in Ibid., p. 56, note.
(7) Ibid., p 81.
(8) S. S. PIUS XII, Radio Message "With inmenso joy", 16 April 1939.

THE "FULL COMPLETION"
TRA Eresia marcionista ED Ecumenism AT ALL COSTS

Think not that I am come to destroy the Law or the Prophets; I am not come to destroy, but to bring to completion. For verily I say unto you: Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle of the law will, till all be fulfilled [Mt 5, 17-18].

Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

you when you, no when it is no ...

This fragment of the Gospel of St. Matthew is rich in these elements on these few lines may be written treated encyclopedia only to frame the different arguments enclosed in a single harmonic context: the revelation of the Word of God made man. Think how much we could talk and discuss, Today perhaps more than ever, on single sentence that follows a few lines ahead: "Let your speech be: "Yes, Yes ", "no, No "; more than this comes from the evil one " [Mt 5, 37]. Needless to say, the Church and in society today is rather difficult to say when it is yes and no when it is not, mindful that the more - but sometimes even less, if no worse than the "nothing", for example, the omission - it comes from the Evil One, for which the "less" and the "of nothing" is sowing ground, irrigation, bud and finally harvest.

S. AND. Mons. Nunzio Galantine, Secretary-General of the CEI, in one ieratica poses during the liturgical actio

Just think what is difficult in the Church today to say clearly: this is right and this is wrong, This is lawful and this is unlawful, because it is written in the deposit of faith revealed. All this not because we say, but because it teaches Revelation, of which we are devoted servants and instruments, faithful preachers, not arbitrary hosts. And this is easy to say what kind of desolation pervade us when you are forced to hear bishops say homilies in which our chief priests speak of crimes against the language of social justice with brisk sociology, no longer speak of sin or of the Social Doctrine of the Church, not to mention the almost total lack of proper vocabulary metaphysical. What actually understandable, because when the revelation and his devoted servant of theology must take account of the too worldly demands of the company to which you want pleasure and never regret, to follow below with the logic of ecumenism and interreligious dialogue reduced mostly to political sociology, it may happen that one tries to logical consequence of having in all ways “a barrel of wine and eat it too”, as stated in our old proverb.

Say ' yes ' or ' no ' is harder than it looksi, by which time we have lost our natural language, which is precisely the metaphysical, Today tragically replaced with the Hegelian-rahneriano. So often we end up saying a little 'yes and a little' no, or with the support that may be but is at the same time and also no, if everything goes well, we conclude with a "ni", but not to make decisions and sometimes painful, saying with prudence and love the truth that can never be silenced, given that we are called to know, serve and proclaim the truth that will set us free [GV 8, 32], because none of us is a “Christian anonymous”, but a loyal subject and topic Prince of revelation and redemption. No one is to God “anonymous”, place which He calls us one by one by name, It took the very fact, designed and loved even before the creation of the world. Herein lies the danger of certain heterodox tendencies of the Jesuit Karl Rahner that today is the master in the absolute majority of theological studies: give improper and relativistic dignity saving to’ “anonymity”, through which you end up making anonymous God, nullifying through its poisonous theory of so-called “anonymous Christians” the whole mystery of the Redemption.

The Ark of the Covenant containing the tablets of the Law

This fragment of the Gospel of Matthew contains numerous inspirations of deep reflection (c)he had the opportunity to study years ago in my book [And Satan came Trino, cit. pag. 100-104]. We take only the opening sentence of this Gospel passage: «Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish, but to fully fulfill ". It is truly a land mine, in part insidious one that opens the horizon through this phrase, penetrating into it because we are going to touch the Old and the New Covenant, the Old and New Testament, the ancient people of Israel and the new People of Israel born of the Incarnation, by the death and resurrection of Christ, God.

An edition of the Catechism

In the Catechism of the Catholic Church we read these words [n. 121-123]:

"The Old Testament is an indispensable part of Sacred Scripture. Its books are divinely inspired and retain a permanent value, for the Old Covenant has never been revoked. Indeed, the Old Testament economy was directed was to prepare […] the advent of Christ the Saviour of the universe.

The Second Vatican Council states that "The books of the Old Testament, Even though they contain matters imperfect and provisional, bear witness to the whole divine pedagogy of God's saving. They express a deep sense of God, sound wisdom about human life and a wonderful treasury of prayers; Finally, in them is hidden the mystery of our salvation " [Cf Second Vatican Council, Cost. dogm. God's word, 14: AAS 58 (1966) 825].

Tablets of the Law

Christians venerate the Old Testament as true Word of God and lChurch has always vigorously rejected the idea of ​​rejecting the Old Testament under the pretext that the New has rendered it void. This is a heretical thesis carried out by the Bishop of Sinope Marcion in the second century, which gave birth to the heresy which will then name Marcionism. Needless to say: the subject is so sensitive that every word, rather, every breath should be weighed, especially in these times where more and more often, use the correct words - which are an essential basis is essential to express the doctrine is primarily to make theological speculation, which is the correct metaphysical vocabulary - replace “new words” if not worse utterances based on impulses dictated by fairness and social policy, other structured on-gooders sterile sentimentality and ends in themselves.

Who among us has done some 'legal studies, or simply for personal practical issues also had to do with the book of succession Pro mortis causa - I refer to the specific Code of Civil Law of our country - knows, if anything, even knowing how little of law, that the will is valid on the last signed. If before this will have been entered into other, automatically are no longer valid. Unless, the last will made, is not affected by irregularities and flaws that make it invalid, because in that case as attested by the previous. Obviously we are not here to discuss notarial deeds but, since we are talking of wills ...

Plastic reconstruction of the ancient Temple of Solomon

... We are faced with an Old Covenant that is not canceled by the first and a New Covenant that comes from the ancient. On the one hand we have the Jews with an Old Testament and Ancient Alliance, other Christians with a New Covenant and a New Testament. It is not a minor problem, albeit too accommodating certain theologians and biblical scholars argue for years that both the children of the two alliances hold sacred pact, welcome dato's revocato, that is, the Old Covenant of the People of Israel; then given to the second, that is, the New Testament of Christians, the New Covenant. To all this is added the Catechism of the Catholic Church which states: "The Old Covenant has never been revoked". There's enough to be confused, especially when faced with all this, the priests are not the pastors that they teach the faithful; or if theologians don't do well — but especially with faith - Their craft tools of theology devoted servant of the Truth Revealed.

Carl Heinrich Bloch, Sermon on the Mount, oil on canvas

What the Catechism of the Catholic Church is sacrosanct, provided it is properly explained, because the task is to indicate the text and sometimes outline the truths of faith; while the task of the devoted servants of truth is to explain, to evangelize and educate the faithful to correct doctrine. The explanation for this apparent dilemma is all of it in one word that completes this phrase of the Lord Jesus, because with that one word the Word of God gives us the explanation that many - you want to excesses of ecumenism misinterpreted, you want to make inter-religious dialogue at all costs and at all costs - but do not want to catch. Also because in the context of the discourse in Matthew's Gospel there are two expressions that look really at odds with each other and that almost clash in the original greek text. On the one hand, the concept of continuity with the Old Law: “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets: I have come not to abolish ... [5,17]». On the other, a little further on, a phrase that seems to be a warning containing a real break: "Have you heard what the ancients were told ... but I tell you ... [5,21SS.]». And before all this, the problem does not go away but is quite complicated. Also because, the statement "but I tell you", should be read and interpreted in accordance with the models of lexical Aramaic language spoken by the Lord Jesus: is an imperative expressed with solemn authority in the construction of the same phrase on the wheel whole '' I '. Which is to say,: "It's true because I say it, because I am proof of the truth ". That being said let's try to put ourselves in the shoes now the scribes and Pharisees, even worse, the doctors of the Law, to understand why they repeatedly accused Jesus of blasphemy [Mt 26, 57-58], others to act in the name and on behalf of the devil himself [LC 11, 15-26], so they were unable to understand the message contained in his speech.

The solution to this "dilemma" is therefore entirely enclosed within a word apparently so simple as to pass almost unnoticed by many scholars: "Consummation". Jesus says: “Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets, I have come not to abolish but to fulfill ". The Lord, who is the son of the Old Covenant, born jew among the Jews, and as such circumcised and submitted by the devout zeal of his parents in all the rituals prescribed by the Mosaic Law, not simply leads the Old Law to fulfillment: he himself is the fulfillment of flesh, then the body and the living presence, Alpha e Omega, because his "I" is actually an incarnation of God, then her visible bodily presence.

Go over …

Accomplish, which can be translated as "overcome", "Go beyond" or "complete", does not mean undo or cancel, quite the opposite. The Old Testament was preparatory to the New, and as such should be read and understood in a dimension of the Catholic Faith. Just think of the figure of John the Baptist, The Forerunner, the one who cried out from the wilderness: "Prepare the new roads». When the Word of God became flesh did not erase his preaching of the Baptist, but went to him and asked and demanded to be baptized. And most times, preaching, the Lord Jesus reminded the heroic figure of this great man of faith who announced the coming of the Messiah: "I tell you, among those born of women there is none greater than John " [LC 7, 28].

view of the ancient Roman Forum

In another example, still, this time of historical: after the fall of the Roman Empire was founded in the Middle Ages is divided into at least three different historical periods, after which we have the Renaissance. Well: Renaissance does not come suddenly, much less by accident, but at the end of an epoch that preceded it and in a sense prepared, then in the Renaissance is enclosed and also lives in the Middle Ages. Just as the Baroque, which also contains within itself the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
Under the homes of many Italian historical centers there are layers of foundation much older, on which and through which today are the houses visible and populated. This is what the language of the Lord Jesus means to accomplish. The Lord Jesus did not abolish the Law and the Prophets, but on their old foundations built the new temple of God, erected thanks to those ancient foundations. And we are grateful and sincere debtors to those ancient foundations, essential and indispensable, through which and upon which Christ established the new dwelling of; and inside the house we live, blessing for ever and ever God that Christ did not abolish but has made, creating the New Israel, all Vero Israele, without detracting from the true foundation of the Old and Ancient Israel, that is no longer the home, but the foundation on which it is based and builds new home, the temple of Christ, who has completed, abolished without a single iota of the old law: "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle of the law will, till all be fulfilled " [Mt 5, 18].

depiction of Paul's preaching to the Areopagus in Athens

The Apostle Paul, grew up and trained in the cultural self-righteous, does not shirk from addressing the delicate relationship between the Old and the New Covenant. In the Second Letter to the people of Corinth, the Apostle states on the one hand that "our sufficiency is from God who has made us worthy to be ministers of the new covenant" [2 Color 3,6], on the other hand that "to date that same veil remains removed, when you read the old covenant, because it is removed in Christ, may it » [2 Color 3,14]. All this to explain clearly that to be removed is not the Old Covenant but the veil fell over it and that the same will be taken for all who believe in Christ. The Apostle does not fail to remind the privileges of ancient Israel by writing in the Letter to the Romans: "They are Israelites, have the sonship, Glory, alliances, legislation, the cult, the promise; to them belong the patriarchs, and from them came Jesus according to the flesh " [RM 9,4-5]. All these gifts are forever because the love of God as indelible gift is bound neither by logic nor by human responses, but by his faithfulness to the Covenant. Thus, "the gifts and calling of God are irrevocable" [RM 11,29]. So are the irrevocable covenant of biblical history, as irrevocable and unforgettable is the humanity of the Jewish Jesus. Therein lies the concept that delineates a difference between the Old and the New Covenant. The Old becomes new in Christ and it is neither old, or repealed. The New Covenant brings to life the ancient because it is made with the blood of Christ: "This cup is the new covenant in my blood poured out for you" [LC 22,20]. Or as St. Augustine explains: "The New Testament is hidden in, while the Old is in the New revealed ".

“Ambrosian Carnival” – Cardinal Dionigi Tettamanzi portrait during a party next to a lady disguised as a priest belonging to the sect of Old Catholics.

These are the foundations on which you should do ecumenism with combinations born of painful separations with core Catholic who took life peppered the worst heresies, for example Protestantism. True ecumenism is done starting from the penalty spot by the knowledge that Christ on this earth God has created one Church entrusted to Peter, not to a multiplicity of "Churches" entrusted to an army of Protestant congregations divided into thousands of different denominations, including those from which many Pentecostals sad ideas have taken some Catholic groups of uncontrolled and uncontrollable charismatic and Neocatechumenals. Who then had doubts in this regard — including some bishops and Cardinals, theologians of biblisti, whether they are alive or dead, as Gianfranco Ravasi as Carlo Maria Martini — would that thought to the words of the profession of faith which proclaims our I think a church, holy catholic and apostolic Church ". In the Symbol of Faith Nicene Creed did not proclaim all the multiplicity of “churches”, all of which are "une" and "holy".

More delicate is still interreligious dialogue made instead with faiths outside the nucleus cristiano. In that case you need to confirm more firmly and respectful of our faith in the Word of God made man. Avoiding every effort to water down the truth of our faith for fear of offending those who refuse and those who deny the mystery of the Incarnation, the death and resurrection of Christ, God, putting in an entirely legitimate, with such a refusal, the freedom and the free will given by God as part of his own creation; because man is always free to accept or reject the mystery of his God and Creator, God's Christ the Redeemer, Holy Ghost the Comforter, who proceeds from the Father and the Son.

He talks explaining what you believe in and trying to convey in the best way our beliefs, certainly not resize it to meet so complacent to those who reject decisively - often with destructive aggression or homicidal violence as some Islamic fringe - the Revelation of Christ, God. A painful rejection that deserves our respect, just as God himself has observed with pain the worst of the worst choices and waste freely operated by man and is contained in the mystery of original sin is in the mystery of the Cross. What matters is that it is clear that those who refuse to respect the Word of God made man certainly does not mean approval of those who work with joy this rejection that comes upstream from the drama of the end of any action of redeeming grace.

Those who refuse Christ God is painfully observed, not approved, not shared, let alone invited to give lectures in our ecumenical theological studies and in our seminaries, within which would explain the errors inherent dangerous - for example - the Protestant heresy, and consequently in his theology. They should not be asked some scholars within these our centers of study and training for conferences, because they may be worthy men in all respects human and social, on the theological and doctrinal errors are larded with perhaps, for this, welcome at various universities and pontifical universities in which in fact do not teach Catholic theology a more, at best they teach filosofismi and sociologisms religious elaborate on the creative language and arbitrary to some theologians, rather than the universal language of the Church's Magisterium, which the theologian is only an instrument and faithful speaker, not critical, not censor …

Together with our intimate and respectful disapproval of those who are in error, and for those who heresy persists, we must also be imbued with a deep sense of sorrow. This is the metaphysical basis, underpinned by the philosophy of common sense [Cf. the Antonio Livi Philosophy of common sense]; This was the basis on which the theological and pastoral should ecumenism and interreligious dialogue, especially when the protagonists of certain dialogues are bishops and cardinals are called to guard the faith, certainly not to water it down and svenderla better for pleasure and to remain acceptable to all; including those who are continuing with fierce pride and indomitable to continue to spread far the worst heresies against the Truth Revealed, ignoring the clear warning that urges us to be perfect in one [GV 17, 20]. And if the unit has been broken does not exactly blessed the fracture and conferred dignity heresy which broke the unity of Truth. Everything always regardless of the fact that the mystery of salvation is quite different and as such is embedded in the heart of God who alone is the Judge and that just may decide to accept in their own kingdom, whole armies of heretics, without having to ask permission to any college teachers of the law; thing of which, moreover, gave clear warning to all the centuries to come, warning that "the tax collectors and the prostitutes will precede the Kingdom of Heaven" [Mt 21,28-32].