Giovanni Cavalcoli
Of the Order of Preachers
Presbyter and Theologian

( Click on the name to read all its articles )
Father Giovanni

At the root of the crisis: history of missed opportunities

THE ROOTS OF THE CRISIS: HISTORY OF LOST OPPORTUNITIES

 

Pope Benedict, the acute critic of Rahner, ascended to the papacy, where he would have all the expertise, intelligence, the authority and the power to act for the solution of the grave problem, he unfortunately did nothing and probably for those few allusive interventions that did, has brought upon the ire of rahneriani, that led him to abdicate and then to give up the Petrine ministry. The encyclical Light of Faith of Pope Francis, completion of that begun by Benedict, repeats cliches and completely ignores the issue. Today the problem is therefore still open.

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Author John Cavalcoli OP

Author
John Cavalcoli OP

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you are Peter

You are Petrus …

Catholic thought is in fact and in law by the conjunction of the Magisterium of the Church with that of theologians. The guide, the authentic interpretation and the guarantee of the truth of the doctrine of the faith is chaired by the Magisterium of the Pope. Task instead of theologians is to investigate the remaining issues advancing opinions or interpretative hypotheses or proposing new solutions, in order to promote the advancement of knowledge of the Word of God, submitting to the judgment of the Church of the discoveries and new theories.

dogma

Vintage print depicting the seated of Vatican I

Il Teaching, in guarding, propose and interpret the data revealed and approve or reject the new doctrines of theologians, no mistake, as it enjoys the assistance of the Spirit of Truth promised by Christ to him until the end of the world. Instead the doctrines of theologians, especially when they fail to measure up to the Magisterium or they misunderstand the teachings, may be incorrect. But also a certain theological doctrine (theologically certain), albeit strictly deduced from principles of faith, can never claim to be considered in the Church as a truth of faith, because it is always simple human doctrine, as founded on faith. Only the Magisterium in fact it, with unerring judgment and irreformable, this grave task of determining and defining the truths of faith for Christ's mandate. However, it may happen that a new theological doctrine of interpretation or explanation of what has been revealed to be having so much importance or validity in the eyes of the Magisterium, these elevates the dignity of the dogma of the faith.

Altogether historic fact of Catholic thought therefore necessary to distinguish carefully the doctrinal pronouncements of the Magisterium in matters of faith or dogma - Pope alone or with the Council - the doctrines or opinions current among theologians, doctrines that, given their debatable and uncertainty, may legitimately be conflicting with each other, without compromising any of them necessarily in the matter of faith or sound reason. Some theories may be more conservative or traditionalist, other more innovative or progressive: anything wrong, nothing dangerous, nothing to worry about, nothing scandalous, but rather normal phenomenon, physiological and profitable, legitimate expression of freedom of thought, which results between the different currents or schools mutual enrichment, provided it does not break the fundamental unity, convergence and agreement on the essential truths and that does not come out of the bounds of true faith.

Dante heretics

Farinata all'Alighieri illustrates the condition of heretics

The regime or normal operating level ecclesial and collective thinking Catholic entails of law and fact, in history, a general agreement in principle between the positions of the Magisterium and the theologians, unless extraordinary painful and inevitable deviations, that are found in theologians rebels, usually characterizing the phenomenon or schism or heresy. This phenomenon was severe, macroscopic, widespread and impressive to say the tragic with the birth of Lutheranism. But in the history of the Church's Magisterium has always, all in all, managed to adjust, control and dominate the climate or the general situation, so as to ensure the overall team theological and faithful a certain uniformity, consistency and obedience to the Magisterium, while theologians, for their part, are always, whole, felt willingly to say proudly representatives of the Magisterium, so that the faithful who wanted to know the way of the Gospel and the Church's doctrine could always turn to the theologian, any theologian, and received from him the authoritative answer, chiara, persuasive and safe; in short, he was the trusted and authoritative guide to walk in the truth of the Gospel and be in communion with the Church. Those who wanted to leave the Church would go openly, as indeed did the same Luther - going from Rome! —, and nothing remained treacherously and hypocritically pretending to destroy it from within to continue being Catholic and maybe boldly as a Catholic “advanced”. Thus the enemies of the Church, eventually discovered by good theologians or reported by the faithful, were promptly, without endless prevarications, declared as such by ecclesiastical, so were well known, and then the faithful were also less educated way to recognize them, to guard against and to stay away, as we distinguish the good from the poisonous mushrooms.

Pio X

the Holy Pontiff Pius X

The shepherds, with their doctrine, fidelity to the Pope, prudence and love for the flock, knew unmask these impostors, these antichrists, For false Christs and false prophets, these wolves in sheep and put them up against the wall. We recall in this regard the wonderful encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis of St. Pius X. Today heretics succeed done under the nose and no one notices, no one gives thought, no one intervenes, indeed receive praise and achieved success, teaching assignments and those who dare to point out that the emperor has no clothes, is at least teased say the least.

I theology, once, as priests and religious, by virtue of their mandate ecclesiastical, were humbly and diligently aware of their mission and therefore of their grave responsibility before God, to superiors, to the Church and to the souls of their delicate office of Doctors of the Catholic truth, nor passed to anyone for the head to create doctrines subjective and arbitrary, as does the good doctor, which feels representative of medical science, and you might look good from inventing personal practices without scientific basis. Instead, unfortunately, from the years of the immediate post council began a very serious phenomenon of cleavage between the Magisterium and theologians. Many bishops, naively and enthusiastically convinced of the advent of a “New Pentecost”, relaxed their vigilance replacing the bonhomie to perspicacity, respect for human zeal brave, their own interests to defend the flock against wolves, gooders to the goodness and mercy for exchanging weakness.

Vatican Council II

un'assemblea plenary dell'assisa Vatican 2

I theology, especially those who were experts of the Council (1), their part is mounted head and, there methods protesting, began to be believed, independently and against the Magisterium, as custodians of God's Word and unappealable infallible interpreters of Holy Scripture, as well as the documents of the Second, that conversely distorted in the modernist sense. At this point we have the roots of the crisis which we suffer today. These consist in this: the subversive and revolutionary movement of theologians, The result has passed into history as “Sixty-eight of the dispute”, was traded by many in the people of God and among themselves pastors and theologians as a doctrinal revolution brought about by the same Council, which would change the data of faith until then considered immutable, especially about the superiority of Christianity over other religions, on the concept of Revelation and of the Church and about the condemnation of the heresies of the past, condemnation that would barred.

colonnade of St. Peter

clouds on the Church

In Actually the new doctrines conciliar, correctly interpreted, beyond some expression not entirely clear, were not at all a break or denial of the dogmas traditional, but on the contrary their explanation and exposition in a modern language, suitable to be understood by the man of today, neither approach the council to modernity was to be understood in the manner modernistic as uncritical subjection to modern errors, but rather to the proposal of a healthy modernization or, as was said, “updating” the thought and life of Christians, that collectsgoes to theuce the immutable word of God can be as valuable in modernity.

Instead arose two tendencies ecclesial and doctrinal who saw in the doctrines of the Council a break or change compared to the traditional doctrine and convictions of the past, inspired by a total intake of modernity: one of Lefebvre, which, on the pretext that the council are not new solemn dogmatic definitions, denied the infallibility of doctrines council accused of being infected with liberalism, Enlightenment rationalist, Indifferentism, secularism, filoprotestantesimo and anthropocentrism, all errors that had already been condemned by the Church in the nineteenth century and in previous centuries, especially the First Vatican Council and that of Trento.

Rahner smokes

the German Jesuit theologian Karl Rahner

The other stream which appeared and still appears to many with the chrism of officialdom and interpreter of’ modernization reconcile, is one that has long been called or self-proclaimed “progressive”, title seen by many as highly positive and coveted, while this current calls with contempt “conservative”, “traditionalist” O “an integrist”, or more recently “fundamentalist” the current lefevriani, in which, however, includes indiscriminately all those who do not accept his modernism. For many years this current, very strong today in the Church, mainly due to the contribution of Rahner, thrived rubbing of Mr title of progressive, reference to the value of the undoubted progress, the new and modern, but in reality for its excesses increasingly discovered and impudent, typical of those who try the false security of being in command, has increasingly revealed as modernist, and then clear falsification of the true teachings of the Second, which they promote the modern, certainly not endorse modernism, heresy already condemned by St. Pius X.

Wanting to express ourselves in the language sports, we could say that the local ecclesiastical authority and also at the top was taken “counterattack”. After the climate of dialogue and peaceful confrontation intra and Extra ecclesial created by the extraordinary charisma of St. John XXIII, it was widely spread belief in the Episcopate and in many theological circles that now no longer existed or heresies, if there theologies which marked a departure from the official doctrine of the Magisterium, it was mostly questionable doctrines or expressions of theological pluralism or maybe some attempts’ bold innovation to watch with interest and benevolence. In fact things were not nearly so. Starting from the immediate post-modernist tendency council, taking advantage dell'immeritata confidence that he learned from a cunningly tear episcopate naively optimistic, began compact and bold to come to light, secure impunity and even with the halo of progressivism, almost to implement a plan international precedent, coming particularly from the Protestant tradition, secretly developed previously.

false prophets

"Beware of false prophets who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves. By their fruits ye shall know them. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs from thistles?” [Mt 7, 15-20]

The few that signaled the impending danger, like Maritain, the von Hildebrand, the de Lubac and Danielou, certainly not suspected of conservatism or closed to new, characters were seen as troublemakers, birds of ill omen, nostalgic Inquisition, damper that, as they say, breaking eggs in the basket. Those “doomsayers”, catastrophic and discouraging, from which St. John XXIII had ordered to shop. Yet there he realized the imprudence which had fallen, lowering his guard, as if they were missing the consequences of original sin, and now the Church and theology had started a new era of all men of good will, all intimately solicited in the preconscious (Anticipation) experience divine athematic pre-conceptual, all cristianthe anonymous yearning for God, all object of divine mercy, according to the honeyed formulas rahneriane. Born that “gooders destructive” and that false mercy recently denounced by the Pope in his address to the synod of bishops.

The Council was undoubtedly a progressive approach, in the sense of wanting to bring to the Church a new push or a new impetus to the future, using the values ​​of the modern world: the Council, rather than on the need to preserve or recover or restore lost, pointed on the duty to go ahead, to renew and advance, changing what was no longer suitable or no longer needed to the new times or the new requirements, that it was intended to prepare and meet in an eschatological horizon. No wonder, therefore,, if the current very large Fathers and experts who appeared better interpreter of the Council was the one that was agreed to call “progressive”, while those that were resistant to the new or did not understand him or too insisted sull'immutabile and tradition, they began to call them with an accent of endurance and not of admiration, “Conservatives” O “traditionalists”.

Marcel Lefebvre

Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre

Among the latter emerged, as you know, since the early years of the post council the famous figure of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, which soon began to attract a following, up to found the equally famous Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), still exists and thrives. Monsignor Lefebvre, supporter not entirely lit the sacred tradition, that he thought the council had betrayed, along with a few others, Instead of seeing the heresies denounced by the Holy Office in the theology of the modernists, instead had the great naivety to find them just the same council, who then accused of terrible mistakes already condemned by the Popes of the nineteenth century, as liberalism, rationalism and indifferentism.

More recently, in the eighties, Romano Amerio has joined the list of alleged errors of the Council “mutation of the concept of Church”. According to his disciple Enrico Maria Radaelli, the council would instead “overturned” the church. Paul Pasqualucci, for its part, note the presence of '”anthropocentrism”. Monsignor Brunero Gherardini instead sees a contradiction in the documents of the Second Vatican with. The historian Roberto De Mattei then deny the infallibility of the doctrines of the Council under pretext that in them there is no dogma defined according to the rules set out by the First Vatican Council. All of them confuse the doctrines of the Council with the modernism born after it. It is harmful confusion which, if one part involves a straight definition of modernism according to the criteria offered by St. Pius X, other charges of modernism just that Vatican II that, on closer, it is the wise antidote with his proposal of a healthy modernity in the light of the Gospel, the doctrine of the Church and of St. Thomas Aquinas, as did, for example, Jacques Maritain.

Edward Schillebeeckx

the Dutch Dominican theologian Edward Schillebeeckx

From the first rising of lefebvrismo Paul VI took him with an attitude very severe, while remained mild and indulgent towards rahnerismo. This behavior is not fair unfortunately remained in Pontiffs following up the current. Benedict XVI tried an approach to lift the excommunication Lefebvrians with their bishops and with the famous motu proprio Summorum Pontificum. In truth the rahnerismo was felt even in the liturgy with the phenomenon of the desecration of the sacred and secularization, consequence of the false concept rahneriano priesthood and the denial of the sacrificial character of the Mass. Vice versa, theologians who identified with the current general and equivocally that “progressive”, gathered around the journal Concilium, still exists. But when it became clear the misunderstanding and appeared that some “Progressives” in fact they were modernists, then there was the separation of one from another: one part, progressives really honest and faithful to the Council and to the Church, as Ratzinger, by Balthazar, Shortcut, de Lubac and Danielou, became aware of criptomodernisti, as Küng, Rahner, Schillebeeckx, Schoonenberg and other. So it was that the true progressives separated by seconds founding the magazine Communio. As for Ratzinger, realizing the modernist tendency of Rahner, abbandono e lo lo crítico severamente in Principles of Catholic Theology (2) the 1982, a year after he was appointed Prefect of the CDF from San Giovanni Paolo II.

Alfredo Ottaviani and Karol Woytila

Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani with Cardinal Karol Wojtyla

In 1966 Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, pro-prefect of the Holy Office, now become the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, along with the Secretary, the most learned christologist Pietro Parente, letter sent un'allarmata (3) the presidents of episcopal conferences denouncing in 10 points a number of serious errors that were snaking among theologians called “Progressives”. To many this serious complaint appeared to be exaggerated or a kind of cold shower; to others, already infected by modernism, must have caused irritation and appeared to be a brake or a reactionary unbearable condemnation of the new theology promoted by the Council.

The new Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), led by Cardinal Franjo Šeper, unspoken truth proof enough energy to cope with the serious problems reported by Cardinal Ottaviani and Monsignor Parente, did then Cardinal. These, with the insight and courage that had characterized previous years, wrote in 1983 a golden book (4), that could have been the text of the papal encyclical, indicating the heresies of many theologians, as Küng, Rahner, Schillebeeckx, 3,625 seater Tata Steel, Hulsbosch and other. Unfortunately only a small part and so too bland CDF censured these authors, which in the majority could proceed unhindered to spread their errors, protected by powerful forces filoprotestanti and philo, perhaps clandestinely They penetrate the Church itself.

Tomas Tyn 2

the young Dominican theologian Tomas Tyn

Since the early years of the post council there was a host of good theologians and prelates, which is premurarono to comment on the texts of the Council in the line of the Magisterium, showing their continuity with the previous Magisterium, defending them from the accusation of modernism, and removing them from the manipulation of the modernists. Among these there were theologians and prelates Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, Jacques Maritain, Yves-Marie-Joseph Congar, Henri de Lubac, Jean Daniélou, Father Raimondo Spiazzi, John Guitton, Jean Galot, the Dominican theologians of Rome, Florence and Bologna, and Alberoni College of Piacenza to the Servant of God Father Tomas Tyn in recent years. Unfortunately, their work in the decades meritevolissima, not entirely ignored by the Holy See, was almost overwhelmed by the two opposing parties of Lefebvre and the modernists, the first with a short-sighted and obstinate attachment traditionalism exceeded, seconds, strong of success, with a gradual climb to positions of power in the Church, beginning with the win in Sixty journalists, young people, i laici, the lower clergy and religious and gradually going up to the conquest of the upper levels of the episcopate and in more recent years by penetrating in the same college of cardinals.

The disturbing signs of what we have had recently at the Synod of Bishops, so that the best part of the College of Cardinals, headed by cardinals Gerhard Ludwig Müller and Leonard Raymond Burke, has felt the urgency to intervene in defense of the Magisterium of the Church and the Pope, but it does not seem to have shown towards them sufficient gratitude for the valuable work undertaken by them.

Paul VI 2

the Blessed Pontiff Paul VI

Paul VI, which went the very serious task of enforcing the decrees of the Council, soon found herself in front of a difficult situation, that he himself, as it had to confess a decade after the Second, not included (5). Modernists Dutch, with incredible timeliness, already published in 1966, developed under the influence of Schillebeeckx, with the permission of Cardinal Bernard Jan Alfrink, the famous “Dutch Catechism”, published in Italy in 1969, that was a huge success. The Catechism, certainly not deprived of quality, but it has remained to this day the manifesto of modernist Church, contained numerous heresies and serious doctrinal deficiencies, Paul VI was compelled to correct by a special commission of cardinals in 1968. Evidently this catechism was the implementation of a great secret plan already drawn up during the years of the Second, during which many experts guidance modernist cunningly concealed and unfairly their heresies under a correct external behavior, indeed sometimes giving a contribution doctrinal commendable during the work of the Council. Their disease in them remained in incubation and then came clearly to light only since the years of the immediate post council (6). Meanwhile he was gaining more and more support the thought of Karl Rahner, which had been one of the most influential experts of the Council, adviser to Cardinal Franz König. Rahner on the principle of identity of being with being thought, that confuses being as such with the divine being.

pantheism

the ancient snare pantheist

This pantheistic view the human being is reduced to the divine; the divine (the “grazia”) enters into the definition of the human, but retaining a historical aspect (“man is transcendence and history”), relativized the concept of human nature, human knowledge and the natural law, the Hegelian model, while the divine being is essentially human. Christ then is the divine summit of man and God is necessarily Christ. Hence the pantheistic confusion of grace with God, understood as constitutive of man. Every man is essentially and necessarily in grace. It can neither be bought nor lost. Sin does not take away the grace but cancels itself, because it is inconsistent. Christ saves not as redeemer (mythical concept), but as a factor of the passage of man to God and God becoming man. Faith is not doctrine or conceptual knowledge, but encounter with God, self-awareness and experience of God pre-conceptual and athematic (Anticipation). It involves on the level of a fundamental option for God, act of supreme freedom, for which everyone is saved regardless of the acts categorical, Empirical and finished, own free will, cognitive and moral, good or bad, that arise in terms of changing history and its. Hence the relativity and mutability of the dogma, inevitably uncertain and fallible, unlike the experience of faith still saving, that experience is the becoming of God in history.

Dutch catechism

one of the first prints of the Dutch Catechism, immediately translated into several languages ​​and distributed worldwide

With the emergence of these ideas Rahner, line of this Catechism Dutch, even character-Enlightenment rationalist, assumed an accent clearly pantheistic Hegel-Heidegger in “Foundations of Faith” ie Rahner, published in Germany in 1976 and in Italy in 1977. This time no commission of cardinals had the courage and wisdom to condemn this pseudo-catechism (7), worse than the previous. The modernists, become increasingly powerful, began to silence the Holy See itself. In fact, Paul VI did not take any measure. There was no authoritative refutation by some members of the Holy See or theologian in sight. Even the CDF, led by Cardinal Seper, did nothing. Rahner was too afraid. To tell the truth, the serious mistake pastoral of the Holy See was in my opinion to let prevent the Dutch Catechism, forgetting the providential and timely care of the Church of the Reformation Tridentine, which, immediately after the Council of Trent and almost as his final document and summary, published the famous and useful Catechism of Trent, which basically is still valuable.

Paul VI, in the course of his pontificate, proposed us or by themselves or through the CDF considerable body of doctrine, that in addition to developing the doctrines of the Council, also refutes the false interpretations and sentencing errors arising, but has never been able to tackle head and explicitly the problem of rahnerismo. Indeed Rahner appointed member of the International Theological Commission, from which shortly after, disappointed because you could see rejected his ideas, he came up with annoyed tone and arrogant accusing her of conservatism. Paul VI with many essays and acute interventions against secularism, the spirit of dispute, the immanentismo, the antropocentrismo, false carismatismo, Liberalism, false news, dogmatic relativism and evolutionism, the desecration of the liturgy, laxity and moral subjectivism, he shot several times towards the target, but without center it never completely, so i rahneriani, with the audacity and hypocrisy that characterizes them, have always felt safe and allowed to continue in their ideas and in their costumes.

Paul VI 3

the Blessed Pontiff Paul VI

The 1974 could perhaps be an opportunity to solve the problem of rahnerismo with good condemnation of his mistakes and the indication of the true path of renewal and progress of theology. But unfortunately Paul VI also lost this opportunity, which was given by a major conference on St. Thomas Aquinas in the seventh centenary of the death, organized by the Dominicans, which had the support of well 1500 Scholars from around the world. For this occasion clearly emerged on the world scene International Theological the great figure of the most learned and wise Father Cornelio Fabro, who elaborated (8) the design of the beautiful letter “Light Church” Pope Father Vincent de Couesnongle, Master of the Order of Preachers, dedicated to recommend, with a wealth of suitable topics, the studio, the deepening and spreading of the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, as well as its use for the comparison with modern culture, in accordance with the provisions of the Second (9).

Cornelius the carpenter

theologian Stigmatine Cornelio Fabro

In the same year 1974 Fabro published The anthropological turn of Karl Rahner (10), an investigation of the roots acute epistemological and metaphysical thought of Rahner, powerful one studio, in which the theologian Stigmatine demonstrated irrefutably, texts at hand, making use of his exceptional knowledge and of St. Thomas and of German, the abominable although fascinating imposture with which Rahner, falsifying the same texts Thomistic, claimed submit Aquinas, Doctor of the church, as conforming to Hegel, whose idealism has been repeatedly condemned by the Church. What clearer tacit message sent to Paul VI of the absolute necessity not to keep your feet on two brackets, but the fact that the statement of the truth can not fail to result in the condemnation of error and in this case the clear and unequivocal statement that the renewal and progress of theology ordered by the council did not have to move from Rahner but by St. Thomas? But nothing came from Paul VI. The opposition of good theologians not discouraged. Aware of their responsibility towards the souls and loyal to their duty of fidelity to the Magisterium of the Church, continued to report dangerous errors Rahner, albeit sadly, as was to be expected, the rahnerismo not backward, and indeed strengthened to date. The history of this terrible struggle within the Church I briefly told in my book on Rahner (11), that must be updated for example with the persecution made to the Franciscans of the Immaculate, in which it is not difficult to see the revenge of rahneriani for international theological Congress antirahneriano the Franciscan 2007 (12).

election of John Paul II

first blessing Urbi et Orbi of John Paul II

With the election of St. John Paul II had the impression that the papacy was able to take the situation in hand. The Pope in 1981 replaced as head of the CDF, Cardinal Seper with the great theologian Joseph Ratzinger, and an immediate result you began to notice a more decisive stance against errors Schillebeeckx and condemnation of the errors of liberation theology. Ratzinger was able to hit some followers of Rahner, but the same Rahner, who died in 1984, remained untouched. The rich teaching of John Paul II undoubtedly corrected many errors Rahner, but he did so only allusive and generic, merely expose sound doctrine, without going into the merits of the questions accurately, how does the good doctor who takes an accurate and precise disease, in order to affix the appropriate remedy.

Large enterprise of the Pope was the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church in 1992. Although this undoubtedly was indirectly a robust antidote errors Rahner, though of course he could not be appointed. Interesting how then Pope Benedict XVI pointed to the Catechism as a criterion to discern the errors of theologians. The Pope would have had two great chances to tackle head, once and for all, the vexed question and gangrenous: le due Encicliche great Splendor del 1993 e Fides et Ratio del 1998. Only in the first there is a hint to the distinction Rahner, without that Rahner is appointed, between the “transcendental” and the “categorical”, which is expressed in moral in '”fundamental option” and in the “acts categorical”. Like this, still in the years 2004-2005, the year before the death of the Pope, the struggle between rahneriani and antirahnriani revived to great: with a congress of opponents in Germany 2004 (13), which followed, almost polemical response, a conference in his favor at the Lateran University, during which the only voice that was heard in strong opposition was Monsignor Antonio Livi.

rahner-karl

Karl Rahner, provides

Undoubtedly there is to be horrified to see the success of Rahner, if he was celebrated in the most prestigious of Roman Pontifical Universities. It is the sign of a dramatic situation, that more and more urgently asking to be healed, especially considering the disastrous consequences of the ideas of Rahner in the field of morality and ecclesial life. In this climate of heated battle and I thank the Lord I'm amazed how with the permission of my superiors, which also are grateful, I could publish my book on Rahner, which has had some success, although I refer the deaf war that rahneriani make him and the contempt of which the cover. Yet I am always here, ready to correct any errors of interpretation and reasons and listen to his defense. But no one shows up.

first blessing Urbi et Orbi by Benedict XVI

Benedict XVI, the acute critic of Rahner, ascended to the papacy, where he would have all the expertise, intelligence, the authority and the power to act for the solution of the grave problem, he unfortunately did nothing and probably for those few suggestive interventions that did, has brought upon the ire of rahneriani, that led him to abdicate and then to give up the Petrine ministry. The encyclical Light of Faith of Pope Francis, completion of that begun by Benedict, repeats cliches and completely ignores the issue. Today the problem is therefore still open. Pope Francis never speaks of Rahner. But do not believe that is the best solution. Rahner is well-known and followed. His serious errors, who continue to give, have been demonstrated for fifty years from a huge array of scholars and the Magisterium of the Church in the past fifty years, in the condemnation of many mistakes, still glimpse the shadow left of rahnerismo, not absent, for example, in the current gooder emerged even at the last synod of bishops. It is not, therefore, come the time to “put on, as they say, the tables”? Why pretend to ignore what everyone knows? There are still some stragglers self-styled progressives who have not yet figured out where it comes from evil? If it is as clear as it is clear its origin and nature, moreover, given that there are remedies, why not acknowledge it frankly a good time and decided to treat him, having regard to its harmful consequences, after a diagnosis precise and detailed? Maybe that evil shall go alone?

Fontanellato, 21 November 2014

Entrance Sunday First Advent

The authors of the Island of Patmos promote the protection of the heritage of good singing and Latin liturgical

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1. It is said that Don Giuseppe Dossetti claimed that “the council had made him”. Not to mention the fire that have become part of the mainstream press on the part played by secularist Rahner at the Council.
2. German edition Erick Wewel Verlag, Munich 1982, French edition Téqui, Paris 1985.
3. Letter to the venerable prelates Conferences, in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, The documents of the Second Vatican Council from the moment of the completion of the second (1966-1985), Vatican Publishing House 1985.
4. The crisis of truth and the Second Vatican Council, Po Institute of Graphic Arts, I rovigo 1983.
5. “We expected a new spring, and came a storm”.
6. Wrong, so, those historians, as De Mattei, who argue, on line Lefebvre, that these experts would give an address at the Council modernist. E’ possible, indeed it is likely that some modernist theses have emerged during the debates, which greatly worried Paul VI, but they then disappeared at the time of the final documents. So too is the wrong interpretation of the Council given by the School of Bologna, for which it should be, in official documents, track one “spirit” l’ “event” that goes beyond the letter retrivamente conservative , and that does not consist merely in his modernist ideas. It is also wrong to see the card.Kasper in the Council of “contradictions” “unresolved tensions” between elements fissisti and traditional exceeded and”new”, evolving, that is no more than that modernism, for which he sympathizes. The valuable contribution given by the Council in collaboration with Rahner Ratzinger is illustrated by Peter Paul Saldanha in his work as Revelation “self-communication of God”, The Urbaniana University Press, Rome 2005.
7. Rahner himself did not have the nerve to call him “catechism”, but in practice it is evident that it intends to propose an initiation into the faith nonetheless affected by Gnosticism Protestant and antithetical to the Catholic.
8. Me personally communicated in confidence.
9. Oct, 16 the most serious of education, 10.
10. Rusconi editions, Milan.
11. Karl Rahner. The Second betrayed, Editions Faith&Culture, Verona 2009, II and.
12. These have been published in Karl Rahner. A critical analysis, edited by Father Serafino Lanzetta, Published By Cantagalli, Siena, 2009.
13. These have been published in Karl Rahner. Critical approximations, edited by David Berger, Publisher Franz Schmitt, victory bug 2004

Antonio Love ( 1938-2020 )
Presbyter and Theologian


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Father Antonio

Because we can not tell us traditionalists but even progressives

- Editorial Island -

 

WHY WE CAN NOT TELL US

TRADITIONALISTS

BUT EVEN progressives

Catholics who fight in different ideological factions reason and write about topics ecclesial with a language that makes sense only in sociological analysis in the service of political discourse, starting with the most used terms, come tradition in opposition and progress, conservation in opposition to reform, continuity in opposition to break up. Instead we reason and we write in terms only theological. We are convinced that, when it comes to fundamental issues concerning the life of the Church, no one can make a serious and constructive discourse that is useful to the people of God, except using the categories and principles of theological science.

Author Antonio Livi

Author
Antonio Love

 

The notes and comments on current ecclesial we dell 'Patmos Island go publishing in recent months maysangiovanni2.jpg to seem, for a reader who was somehow prevented, yet another contribution to the age-old controversy between Catholics "conservatives", or "traditionalists", both moderate extremists; and "progressive" Catholics, or "reformers", both moderate extremists. Quotes that I used for each of these labels are indicating that these ideological positions are qualifications Sociological - sociology of culture and sociology of religion - which some hold onto each other in a rhetorical skirmish where theological realism is scarce and idealistic fabulation abounds. In fact none of these positions is actually located in the pure state, in a coherent and comprehensive, in a single person, in the consciousness of a believer in the flesh who cares about the fate of the Church in general and in particular for his soul. But unreality produced by visual sociologistic of things the Catholic faith tell you later.

Author DRAFTING of the Island of Patmos

The eagle symbolizing the Apostle John

Now I want to say that mistaken lovers place of us'Patmos Island from one side or the other this virtual fence. I and other writers of 'Patmos Island we are accused by some of being too hostile to Lefebvrians and sedevacantists, just as others accuse us of not being "Bergogliani" enough - this tragicomic denomination circulates in Italy -, for the fact that we do not follow the litanies of those who on every occasion applaud the - alleged - reformist and / or revolutionary intentions of Pope Bergoglio. Everyone feels entitled to label us, indeed claim that we ourselves self-schierandoci officially we label one side or the other; and since we claim our sacred right not to take sides at all, so then we are to be the target for criticism of the fanatics of either party.
Progressives like to resort to the old but still useful rhetorically Leninist reasoning by which "those who are not revolutionary is an accomplice of the ruling class'. In Italy we always prefer the version Gramscian, arguing that every intellectual has to be 'organic revolution'. However, this is an argument that, translated into “newspeak” of today, sounds so: "Equidistance is a sneaky way to support the party to which you belong secretly". Instead of traditionalists accuse us of being “normalists”, to close their eyes to the terrible reality of the crisis afflicting the Church, reason why we felt it irresponsible and do not hesitate to throw us in the face reprimands that Scripture addresses the bad shepherds and false prophets: "Dumb dogs", "The blind leading the blind" etc..

GERMANY, Bonn, "Online" - Human miniatures on a computer keyboard.

… does not take sides in any faction

We say again that does not take sides in any faction, because we are convinced that to be consistent Catholics do not need to be biased. Indeed its consistency in the Catholic faith suggests not adopt attitudes and languages ​​that are proper of the factions, parties, ideologies. Many years ago a holy priest warned not to reduce the holy Church in one of the many cliques that always were formed within the Church and who tend to argue with each other or try to proselytize against each other: he said: «I am not a fanatic of any form of apostolate, not even that practiced by the work that I founded " … the cliques harm the unity of the Church and is contrary to the demands of charity among its members, even when you are in real sect, the type of those sects that were formed already at the dawn of the Church, as evidenced by the recriminations that we read about it in the letters of St. Paul and in those of St. John. Every binnacle with a propensity to become sect it claims the infallible interpretation of the truth - appealing to Tradition, spirit of the Council or directly to the Holy Spirit -, but fanaticism has nothing divine and instead is something "human, Too Human ", as Nietzsche said about something else. Fanaticism is produced by the worst miseries of the spirit - presumption, ambition, the exaltation of their group, particularism, the esclusivismo, social envy -, miseries that the consciousness of the individual can easily recognize but which are then "sublimated", Freud would say, when the individual leans psychologically other and form the "team spirit", with which it is easy to find a thousand excuses for pragmatic unfair things that you think, you say and do.

L'ideology?

No, thank you! If it is the Church

I prefer theology

 

karl marx

the German thinker Karl Marx

Cardinal Marx

an eponymous German: Cardinal Reinhard Marx

The critique of ideology is born with Marx, and Marxists, even in the twentieth century - for example, the Frenchman Louis Althusser - they believed they were fighting and defeating "bourgeois" ideology with "science", that for them it was just Marxism. Failed project, because in politics - or in political economy - there is no possible science, and Marxism, as I had to write so many years ago, is nothing if not an ideology among others, "The ideology of the revolution" (1). But when it comes to the truth revealed, foundation of the faith of the Church, then science exists, and theology. And theology is the criticism of any ideology within the Church. It is indeed the theology the critical conscience of the Catholic faith, being based on the assumption by statute of the distinction between dogma and opinion, between truth common to all believers and a hypothesis of interpretation and / or application pastoral. Only those who examine the ecclesial reality with a theological criterion is able to distinguish opinion from dogma, and only from this distinction can and should criticize any opinion, also legitimate, who wants to pass himself off as absolute truth, thus identifying with the dogma. A theological opinion that ignores their limits devand be criticized, because it goes against the epistemological status of theology, absolutizing itself and excluding other opinions, ANChe those that should be considered - because they are - just as legitimate.

true and false theology

The work of Antonio Livi: True and false theology

In an essay published a couple of years ago I said that a grave sin against the common faith is precisely what many theological schools have done, in Church history, absolutizing its position and "excommunicating" those who support other (2).
But you can apply, practically, this criterion so strictly theological? Of course, we are applying us dell 'Patmos Island. We apply obtaining, precisely, good theology from the necessary distinction between “dogma e “opinion. This distinction is classic, so much so that inspired the fathers of the Church to make this clear and useful program of ecclesial dialectic: “In necessary, Unitas; in doubtful, Libertas; in all charity!”. We stick to this policy to always act as Catholics without labels, as Catholics without blinkers, as Catholics but not dull open minded, that is really open with the mind and heart to appreciate every contribution which appears relevant to the understanding of revealed truth. For this we are used to propose all our reflection on faith and on human affairs of the Church as one opinion among others possible, ie as a thesis that aims to be really respectful of the other, and also cozy about other. For we do not fall into the error of making a bundle of all herbs, labeling as an author “friend O “enemy just because they belong to a certain theological current, in a newspaper or a certain group in the church, without screening, case by case, if what he says on a given occasion, is plausible. If it is, we do not hesitate to mention it or even post it, warning those who do not should understand that only pass a single argument of an author never means “to marry” every opinion and every intention. Means even feel solidarity or accomplices of all the things that his friends or associates have done or want to do. It is about “distinguish to unite” as Maritain parrying other (3): in this case, it comes to distinguishing dogma dall'opinione, to always unite in the common faith all those who are wrongly considered - or consider themselves - separate or marginalized or excluded by the fact of adopting different theoretical points of view or different legitimate pastoral methods, that is compatible with the faith of the Church.

radaelli

the work of the philosopher Enrico Maria Radaelli

The criteria I have set out is the same policy that has brought me, even before participating in the company of apostolic’Patmos Island, writing prefaces or afterwords to books by authors of whom do not share the ideology but also write things that I think are worthy of being taken into account sine ira et studio. I am reminded that I wrote the foreword to a book on prayer liturgist Claretian Matias Augé, containing ideas shared, although elsewhere he has sided in favor of a more radical reform of the liturgy according to the prevailing, that is progressive (4); so how can I mention that I wrote prefaces for three essays ecclesiological Enrico Maria Radaelli, a scholar secular, disciple of Romano Amerio, instead declares traditionalist, even if, in the face of my reservations, saying he wanted to correct the diction “traditionalist”, which does not change the substance: it is always an ideology (5). Ma, as I said, in a global framework of ideology can be found and enhance value authentically theological thesis, and I really want to enhance them, because they are blinded by fanaticism nor pursue ideological purposes whatsoever.

The seriousness of theological themes

does not allow simplifications and generalizations

which are instrumental to ideology

 

Bernard fellay 2

Bishop Bernard Fellay, superior general of the Society of St. Pius X during a pontifical

liturgical abuses

a bishop during a “skit” liturgical clows with the presbytery

In the reasoning of the traditionalists and progressives I see too much accuracy in data collection and in their interpretation, as I see too much water (Church events) brought to their mill (human interests, individual or group). We dell 'Patmos Island we refrain from making ideological discourses, about the events of the Church, because we want to do on the Church only theological discourses. Criticism or contempt for those who do not understand the reasons for our neutrality in relation to the great war between factions do not concern us, and we do not care. The issues that they face (the dogma, the pastoral, the liturgy, the ecumenical council, the synod of bishops, Episcopal Conferences, theologians etc.) certainly interest us, but do not want to face them “with” They (as faction), at least not “come” They (when they speak as representatives of a faction). They transformed a series of fragments of truth (historical and sociological surveys, by their very nature temporary and partial) in a global vision of worldly affairs, including external affairs of the Catholic Church. By dint of extrapolating from observed phenomena some general theory (which is epistemologically incorrect, because no science is allowed induction illegitimate), have created imaginary characters and events, inducing their audience to discouragement or the apocalyptic messianic hope. Everyone remembers the heartfelt reflections of Benedict XVI on media council, an imaginary event that did cheer for half a century fans Reform of the great pro-Lutheran and has plunged into despair the fans Tradition hard and pure.

isoladipatmosCaution: of us'Isola - I in particular - we neither despise nor condemn any of these Roman observers who wanted to take sides by a side or the other. Sometimes it comes to smart people, educated and inspired by the best intentions of service to the Church. But I have never been able to share - from a theological point of view - the summary judgment that some authors have wanted and still want to make the life of the Church "as such”, believe they have been able to adequately assess the good or bad that certain events produce in the Mystical Body of Christ. In the works of these authors do not lack deep analysis and assessments largely shared, but i always known even the pretense of a synthesis impossible and therefore unfounded. I wonder: what is the real referent of their speeches? When they speak of "Church" or "Catholicism" in what concretely relate? We men - we must admit it if we have basic theological notions - know nothing of God's plans and of his intervention in the secret of the consciences of every man.. This is a basic truth that all the authors which I refer in theory admit; but then, because they imagine they can know how it goes and where it goes the Church “as such”? They in fact are limited to analyze and evaluate a few things from those who outwardly appear in the conduct of men of the Church, and / or instruments of doctrinal and disciplinary, in the costume of the faithful in various parts of the Catholic world. They know to refer to a few meager empirical evidence, but then launch themselves as facing a momentous events and prophesy and yet another “New Pentecost, or diagnose fatal diseases for the Church, believing that you have all the data needed to apply with certainty at this time on the prophecies of Revelation “great apostasy.

The one and the others are free to speculate in a positive or negative the present and the future of the Church, but certainly not with theideology claim that such fantasies are theological certainties. Language is certainly theological, but the message is ideological, not theological. You should keep in mind that a theological message is if you can translate these precise terms epistemic: is "one thing that God has revealed”, or at least it follows logically from the one who revealed. Talk about the things of Revelation "with fear and trembling" is precisely the true believer and the true theologian. Instead, flaunt a security without any scientific basis is what you do in the world when it comes to politics - the language of politics is always done on the basis of rhetoric sociological - and that's what you do in the theological when’intensely deepened who deals with problems of the Church is more ideological than theological. Here then is up to theology, for a duty of fairness to the public Catholic, to distance themselves from that ideology as conservative, progressive.

golden calf

one of the oldest natural results of ideology: the golden calf

Catholics who played in one of these ideological factions they think and write about topics ecclesial with a language that makes sense only in sociological analysis in the service of political discourse, starting with the most used terms, come “tradition in opposition and “progress,” “conservation in opposition to “reform, “continuity in opposition to “break up. Instead we - I repeat - we reason and we write in terms only “theological”. We are convinced that, when it comes to fundamental issues concerning the life of the Church, no one can make a serious and constructive discourse - that is, useful to the people of God - if not by resorting to the categories and principles of theological science. Study the current problems of the Church with the categories and the principles of theological science means to be humble - because theology undertakes to respect the limits of human understanding of the mysteries revealed, giving up the claims of rationalism - but it is the only way to avoid superficial and frivolous speeches, instead to answer the needs of the apostolate. Why is the apostolate that to which we aim always, first with the priestly ministry, and then also with the writings. What moves us and guides us, as priests of Christ, is always and only our pastoral responsibility, the duty to contribute to the life of faith of the people with whom we come into contact directly or indirectly.

What is the theological approach

 

air

“gold authentic does not admit adjectives”

The first task of theological work is always indicate, on every occasion and on any subject, what are the “articles of faith”, ie those few and most certain truths that should guide the thinking and practice of all Catholics, regardless of free opinions regarding the scientific interpretation and pastoral application - contingent in itself - of dogma. This is why I said that the theological criterion is the only one capable of distinguishing, speeches on the ecclesial, dogma dall'opinione, avoiding to relativize the absolute out of dogma and opinion, as do the ideologies of any kind. We therefore do not take sides with the conservatives or progressives because theologically these names do not make sense. It would not make sense profess "traditionalist Catholics" or "progressive Catholics", because before God and before the people of God imports only profess the Catholic faith and be faithful to the doctrine of the Church. And loyalty to the discipline of the Church and its doctrine admits many different routes, many modes of expression and many variations operational. We are and we say simply "Catholic". He said that holy I mentioned before that "genuine gold does not admit adjectives", and indeed, if one sells gold with a few adjectives to say that he wants to sell gold is something else. Faced with problems of dogma and pastoral, the only thing that matters is to identify, profess and defend the truth of the Catholic faith, that is common to all, and in which there may be no divisions, factions or parties.

freedom of thought

“you have every right to judge the facts that happen and ideas circulating in the Church, but the important thing is not to turn the judgment on individual facts, verifiable and judged by criteria Christians, in a global assessment of people, doctrines and institutions”

But then, you do not have freedom of thought? You just can not make an opinion about things that happen in the Church and that are on everyone's lips? It is not legitimate to express die value judgments about the current trends ecclesial whether reform of the papacy in a "synodal" or conservation of traditional structures? You can not be against the liturgical reform of Paul VI and in favor of "The old order"Or vice versa? In short, Catholics have the right to think and to qualify as conservatives or progressives? The remarried to such questions is obvious: certainly has every right to judge the facts that happen and ideas circulating in the Church, but the important thing is not to turn the judgment on individual facts, verifiable and judged by criteria Christians, in a global assessment of people, doctrines and institutions, making a bundle of all herbs and systematically failing to charity and justice. Above all, you can not turn an opinion - by its nature, hypothetical and contingent - in a system of thought apodictic. You can not extrapolate from empirical observations of detail a general scientific law that goes beyond all limits of verifiability and every epistemic justification. In other words - in strictly logical terms - one cannot pass from well-defined opinions in the matter and in time to an ideology. Ideology is the preferred weapon of politics but it is the denial of critical awareness that supports the work of all science, also and especially of theological science. So it can happen that an opinion, limited to a specific theme and therefore perfectly legitimate, so that anyone should consider it dispassionately examine the allowable and acceptable, then becomes, if who defends you put scriteriatamente to absolutize, totalitarian ideology, that generates fanaticism. (Passing, remember that "fanatic" is an adjective with which the theologians of Christian DESIGNATED pagans who celebrated their cults in sacred groves).

creed1

Symbol of faith Nicene Creed

The standard starting point at the beginning of each argument regarding the Church - to then start again every time things get complicated and there is no clarity - this is it: must always maintain that by the grace of God we Christians as theological criterion absolutely certain, namely that "God wants all men to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth". But the knowledge of the truth revealed, faith that saves us, is never the faith "subjective" - ​​Lutheran, Nouveau -, a truth that can be arbitrarily invented by someone: is always and only the faith professed by the Church, that is the dogma. In dogma - the "Apostles' Creed"Or"Nicene-Constantinopolitan”, namely "I believe"That we recite at Holy Mass on Sunday - we all fully recognize each other and are perfectly united. Then, from dogma, are possible and in fact historically produced many "interpretations"Teoretiche and"applications"Practices. Such interpretations and applications are always legitimate and even useful to the life of the Church if they remain absolutely faithful to the dogma, from which, otherwise it is corruption of the true faith (heterodoxy) or deviation from the right path shown by Christ (schism). The conceptual distinction between dogma and theological opinion, between truth and indisputable assumptions permissible, is difficult but necessary, and to illustrate it in strictly scientific terms I have dedicated my treatise on "True and false theology”, that believers accustomed to reading newspapers and magazines "Catholic" than the textbooks have deliberately ignored, while the theologians who in that book I criticized tried in every way to remove it from circulation (6).

Because it is useless or even harmful

purely sociological approach

to the life of the Church

 

theology prayer

theology is praying

boxers

ideology becomes quarreling

To clarify again what distinguishes the theological approach to the ideological to the life of the Church, I note that the ecclesial ideologies of all kinds - from the extremes of anti-traditionalism and progressivism conciliarist conciliarist reformer, the many positions that present themselves as "moderate", as a "third way" - they are gladly based on sociological findings, even the statistical data. And the more the arguments are of this kind, the more authentically ecclesial criterion is clouded. I would like to draw the attention of those who speak and write of ecclesial problems of how useless, when it is not really harmful, the sociological approach to the life of the Church, because any consideration that is based on data - empirical or scientific - of religious sociology fails to touch even superficially the actual reality of the life of the Church. The church, indeed, is a supernatural mystery; his real life, that is the grace that sanctifies and saves individual souls in the reality of human history, we can not know anything and we must be satisfied of the meta-historical truth that God has revealed to us. We can not know for sure, beyond the appearances that are always deceptive, Who Belongsga actually, at this time, the mystical body of Christ is the Church, as we can not claim to know what concrete plans of Providence that really governs, "Everything coming together for good to them that love God", as it is written in "Letter to the Romans”. Of what really is a good or bad thing in the life of the Church, we believe we only have a clue through faith in divine revelation, and then some experimental verification in the examination of his conscience (that is, in the mystical, even ordinary, that enables the believer to detect, in the light of faith, the effects of the sensitive Invisible grazia Divina), as well as pastoral experience (that is visible in the results of apostolic time increase in faith of the next).

modern train

Train evolved …

old train

train convoluted …

Progress or involution of whom speak much, in sociological, progressives and the conservatori are at best hypothesis worthy of respect - if the intentions are really good - but they are never to be taken too seriously, because - I repeat - lack of scientific seriousness, observe only the mass phenomena, judge situations that can not evaluate in depth, in existential concreteness of the Christian life, where you fight the daily battle between grace and sin. Even for progressives and conservatives, locked in their ideological schemes, that is the admonition of the Holy Ghost by the mouth of the Apostle: "They talk about what they do not know '. We dell 'Patmos Island, knowing that we only speak of what we know - St. Paul says: "I believe, and that's why I speak "-, we do the spokesmen of those prophets sad announcing a schism imminent, and even of those prophets hilar announcing the coming of the Kingdom through a new Church "ecumenical synod". We devote ourselves to remind everyone that the sociology of religion and ecclesiastical politics provide information of little interest to the Christian life of individual believers, to which must be announced, in every age and in every circumstance sociopolitical, the truth of the Gospel sine glossa, as St. Francis. Or better, with all the glosses necessary to be able to distinguish what is the essential (the dogma) from what is accidental (theological opinions).

triple crown

… and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it

The constant reference to any properly theological discourse are not the movements of the masses anonymous detectable sociologically: is the faith life of every single person, directly or indirectly accessible by the message, which has to hold in his heart the truth revealed, that is the only hope of salvation. For this all talk properly theological must be based only ever on the dogma, on certain doctrine of the Church that is expressed in formal statements (dogmatiche the formula), that do not give rise to doubts and are not likely to contradictory interpretations. Thank God, though they may be or seem disconcerting ecclesiastical events of the last decades, all of us Catholics continue to have as a reference point and most certain topical dogma, prepared by ecclesiastical tradition with evolution homogeneous part by the Apostles and come down to the last ecumenical council; a dogma that everyone can find clearly exposed and appropriately synthesized in "Catechism of the Catholic Church”, which is one of the historical merits of the pope who wanted (St. John Paul II). To those who say that it is foolishly "passed" - rejoices or is worried - it must be remembered that this is a document of the post-conciliar magisterium which has not been repealed by any official act of the magisterium, nor ever can be. The Church of Christ is, Benedict XVI recalled the time to give up the Petrine ministry, and for this reason it is unfailing, ie will never succumb to the "gates of hell". It will always be Mater et Magistra. Priests John Cavalcoli, Ariel S. Levi Gualdo and I we are sure why he said he, not because we have heard from some theologian, conservative or liberal it.

Entrance Sunday Second Advent

The authors of the Island of Patmos promote the protection of the heritage of good singing and Latin liturgical

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NOTE

(1) See Antonio Livi, Louis Althusser: “For Marx”, Issued, Madrid 1973; Fernando Ocariz, Marxism, ideology of the revolution, edited by Antonio Livi, Ares, Milan 1976.
(2) See Antonio Livi, Interpretation or re-formulation of the dogma?, iNo truth of faith. What to believe and who, by Gianni Battisti, Leonardo da Vinci's publishing house, Rome 2013, pp, 21-94.
(3) Jaques Maritain cfr, Distinguish to unite, The knowledge and Degrees, Desclee de Brouwer, Paris 1931.
(4) Antonio Love, Presentation, Matias in Augé, A mystery to be rediscovered: prayer, Pauline, Cinisello (Milan) 1992.
(5) See Antonio Livi, Presentation, in Enrico Maria Radaelli, The mystery of Sinogoga blindfolded, Effedieffe, Milan 2002, pp. I-IX; The same thing, Introduction. The misadventures of a Christian philosopher, in Enrico Maria Radaelli, Romano Amerio. Of truth and love, Costantino Marco Publisher, Lungro of Cosenza 2005, pp. VII-VIII; The same thing, Foreword, in Enrico Maria Radaelli, The Church overturned. Survey aesthetic theology, on the form and language of the magisterium of Pope Francis, Gondolin Editions, Verona 2014, pp. I-XX.
(6) See Antonio Livi, True and false theology. How to distinguish the authentic "science of faith" from an equivocal "religious philosophy", Leonardo da Vinci's publishing house, Rome 2012. See also The truth of theology. Threads of logic aletica from "True and false theology" of Antonio Livi, curated by Marco Bracchi and Giovanni Covino, Leonardo da Vinci's publishing house, Rome 2014.