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Sheep without a shepherd and the gratuitousness of the gift: beaten sheep and caressed wolves – Sheep without a shepherd and the gratuitousness of the gift: beaten sheep and caressed wolves

14 June 2026/0 Comments/in Homiletics/by father ariel
Homiletics of the Fathers of the Island of Patmos

Homiletics of the Fathers of The Island of Patmos

(Italian, English, Español)

 

LE PECORE SENZA PASTORE E LA GRATUITÀ DEL DONO: PECORE BASTONATE E LUPI ACCAREZZATI

Gesù ordina ai Dodici di rivolgersi anzitutto alle pecore perdute della casa d’Israele e di non andare tra i pagani e i Samaritani. Non è forse una contraddizione in termini con l’universalità dell’annuncio gesuano?

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Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

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PDF print format article – article print format – article in printed format

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Vi sono pagine del Vangelo che appaiono difficili da comprendere e decifrare sin dal primo ascolto, tra i vari esempi basti ricordare il passo giovanneo nel quale Cristo afferma: «Chi mangia la mia carne e beve il mio sangue ha la vita eterna» (GV 6,54).

Lo sguardo di Gesù verso la prostituta, mosaico, opera di Marko Ivan Rupnik, Basilica San Pio da Pietrelcina

Sono parole che mettono alla prova la nostra capacità di comprendere. Gesù collega infatti un gesto materiale, quale il mangiare e il bere, a una realtà soprannaturale ed eterna quale la salvezza. Né bisogna dimenticare che certi racconti evangelici si muovono in precise scene teatrali della Giudea, where the Halakah, la Legge ebraica, vietava di consumare sangue animale, per questo la carne deve essere dissanguata completamente attraverso specifici procedimenti di salatura e lavaggio prima di essere mangiata come kasher, ossia consentita. Figurarsi il riferimento al sangue umano, o peggio il cibarsi di carne umana. Da qui l’accusa rivolta ai cristiani, prima da parte degli ebrei della Giudea poi dei romani, di praticare il cannibalismo rituale. Non sorprende quindi che molti dei suoi stessi discepoli reagissero dicendo: “This language is harsh; who can understand it?» (GV 6,60). In casi come questi la difficoltà emerge subito, perché il mistero annunciato da Cristo supera ciò che la sola ragione umana è in grado di afferrare pienamente. Altri testi, instead, sembrano semplici, linear, quasi ovvi. Ed è proprio qui che si nasconde il rischio: quello di credere di averli già compresi. Il Vangelo di questa domenica appartiene a questa seconda categoria, leggiamone il testo:

"During that time, Jesus, seeing the crowds, he felt sorry for it, perché erano stanche e sfinite come pecore che non hanno pastore. Allora disse ai suoi discepoli: “The harvest is abundant, but there are few workers! Pregate dunque il signore della messe perché mandi operai nella sua messe!”. Chiamati a sé i suoi dodici discepoli, diede loro potere sugli spiriti impuri per scacciarli e guarire ogni malattia e ogni infermità. I nomi dei dodici apostoli sono: first, Simone, chiamato Pietro, e Andrea suo fratello; Giacomo, figlio di Zebedèo, and John his brother; Filippo and Bartolomeo; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; Giacomo, figlio di Alfeo, e Taddeo; Simon the Canaanite and Judas the Iscariot, colui che poi lo tradì. Questi sono i Dodici che Gesù inviò, ordinando loro: “Non andate fra i pagani e non entrate nelle città dei Samaritani; rivolgetevi piuttosto alle pecore perdute della casa d’Israele. Strada facendo, predicate, dicendo che il regno dei cieli è vicino. Guarite gli infermi, risuscitate i morti, purificate i lebbrosi, scacciate i demòni. Gratuitamente avete ricevuto, gratuitamente date”» (Mt 9,36 -10,8).

Tutto comincia da uno sguardo: Jesus, seeing the crowds, he felt sorry for it, perché erano «stanche e sfinite come pecore che non hanno pastore». Questa immagine non è casuale, richiama una lunga tradizione profetica, in particolare il capitolo XXXIV del profeta Ezechiele nel quale Dio rimprovera i pastori d’Israele accusandoli di avere pensato a sé stessi invece che al gregge loro affidato: «Le pecore si sono disperse per mancanza di pastore» (This 34,5). La stessa accusa ritorna anche nel profeta Geremia: "Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the flock of my pasture" (Gives 23,1). Quando dunque Gesù scruta le folle come pecore senza pastore non vede semplicemente una moltitudine di persone affaticate dalle difficoltà della vita, bensì un popolo che rischia di disperdersi perché privo di guide autentiche. Per questo l’immagine dell’Evangelista delle pecore senza pastore non offre una generica descrizione della condizione umana, ma una realtà ben precisa che attraversa tutta la storia biblica: quella del gregge affidato da Dio a pastori chiamati a custodirlo e guidarlo. In questo contesto va compresa la compassione di Cristo, non come un semplice moto di commozione, ma come la manifestazione dello sguardo stesso di Dio sul suo popolo. Colui che i profeti avevano annunciato come il vero Pastore d’Israele, adesso si trova dinanzi al gregge disperso e si prepara a raccoglierlo.

Dopo avere contemplato la compassione di Cristo verso le folle, il Vangelo compie un passaggio risolutivo: Gesù chiama a sé dodici uomini e li invia. Non si tratta di una scelta casuale, nell’Antico e nel Nuovo Testamento i numeri hanno sempre un significato simbolico e mistagogico: in questo caso il numero dei chiamati riporta alle dodici tribù d’Israele (cf.. Gen 35,22-26; Is 24,4) e manifesta la volontà di Cristo di radunare il nuovo popolo di Dio attorno a sé. Di seguito l’Evangelista elenca i loro nomi, dinanzi ai quali è difficile non restare colpiti da ciò che troviamo: Pietro rinnegherà il Maestro durante la Passione (cf.. Mt 26,69-75). Matteo proviene dal mondo dei pubblicani, per intendersi gli addetti a quella che oggi si chiama Agenzia delle Entrate, una categoria, quella degli esattori delle tasse, guardata con scarsa simpatia da molti suoi contemporanei (cf.. Mt 9,9-13), yesterday as today. Tommaso faticherà a credere alla testimonianza della Risurrezione (cf.. GV 20,24-29). Giuda Iscariota arriverà addirittura al tradimento (cf.. Mt 26,14-16; 47-50).

Se nessuno degli Apostoli appare come candidato ideale per una missione destinata a cambiare la storia, perché Cristo li sceglie? Certamente non perché ignori le loro debolezze, che conosce meglio di chiunque altro. Li sceglie proprio sapendo chi sono e così facendo insegna una verità fondamentale: il Regno di Dio non si fonda sulla perfezione degli uomini, ma sulla potenza della grazia divina. Scriverà in seguito l’Apostolo: «Ti basta la mia grazia; la mia potenza infatti si manifesta pienamente nella debolezza» (2 Color 12,9). Se la missione apostolica fosse stata affidata a uomini impeccabili, si sarebbe potuto pensare che il successo dell’annuncio dipendesse dalle loro qualità, mentre Cristo sceglie invece uomini fragili per ricordare le nostre umane fragilità, affinché appaia con maggiore evidenza che l’opera appartiene a Dio e non all’uomo. A questo proposito Benedetto XVI, the 15 June 2008, tenendo l’omelia alla Santa Messa celebrata presso la Banchina di Sant’Apollinare a Brindisi, ricordava che Cristo non scelse gli Apostoli perché erano già santi, ma perché lo diventassero. È una distinzione decisiva: La santità non è il presupposto della chiamata ma il frutto della risposta alla chiamata. E questo vale non soltanto per gli Apostoli, ma per ogni cristiano.

The Gospel story prosegue poi con un’affermazione che potrebbe sorprenderci: Gesù ordina ai Dodici di rivolgersi anzitutto alle pecore perdute della casa d’Israele e di non andare tra i pagani e i Samaritani. Non è forse una contraddizione in termini con l’universalità dell’annuncio gesuano? No, se teniamo conto che Dio aveva preparato per secoli il suo popolo alla venuta del Messia. Israele è il luogo delle promesse, dell’Alleanza e di quella lunga pedagogia divina attraverso la quale il Signore aveva progressivamente educato il suo popolo ad accogliere il Salvatore. Per questo l’annuncio prende avvio da Israele, non perché gli altri popoli siano esclusi dalla salvezza, ma perché proprio in Israele dovevano trovare compimento le promesse affidate ai Patriarchi e ai Profeti. Soltanto dopo la Risurrezione gli Apostoli riceveranno il mandato di andare a tutte le genti (cf.. MC 16, 15), portando sino agli estremi confini della terra quel Vangelo che era stato anzitutto annunciato alle pecore perdute della casa d’Israele. L’universalità della salvezza, so, non viene negata ma preparata, secondo quel disegno divino che conduce dall’Antica Alleanza alla predicazione del Vangelo a tutti i popoli.

Gesù conclude infine con una frase che forse è la più impegnativa di tutto il brano: "You received, freely give ". Gli Apostoli devono ricordare che nulla di ciò che possiedono appartiene veramente a loro, perché la chiamata, la grazia e la missione sono doni ricevuti che non possono essere trasformati in possesso. Queste parole valgono anche per noi: nessuno si è dato da solo la fede, né alcuno si è annunciato il Vangelo da se stesso. Tutti abbiamo ricevuto qualcosa da altri: faith, the witness, prayer, forgiveness, the charity. Per questo il Signore ci chiede di non trattenere ciò che abbiamo ricevuto. La gratuità evangelica non riguarda soltanto l’annuncio della fede, ma anche l’esercizio concreto della carità. San Paolo ricorda ai cristiani di Corinto: «Che cosa possiedi che tu non l’abbia ricevuto?» (1 Color 4,7). È una domanda che conserva ancora oggi tutta la sua forza: se tutto ciò che siamo e possediamo è anzitutto un dono di Dio, allora anche il bene che compiamo verso il prossimo non può diventare motivo di vanto personale, ma deve restare risposta riconoscente alla grazia ricevuta.

Se dovessimo riassumere questa pericope evangelica in poche parole, potremmo dire che Gesù vede, prova compassione, chiama e invia. Infine insegna che il dono ricevuto deve diventare dono condiviso. È questa la logica del Vangelo attraverso la quale il Signore continua ancora oggi a prendersi cura del suo popolo, perché le pecore possono smarrirsi, ma non vengono mai dimenticate dal Pastore che ha dato la vita per loro, even if today, in the visible Church, si ha spesso l’impressione forse sbagliata che si prendano a bastonate le pecore per accarezzare i lupi in modo compiacente o, come suol dirsi con mondana piaggeria: in modo inclusivo.

From the island of Patmos, 14 June 2026

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THE SHEEP WITHOUT A SHEPHERD AND THE GRATUITY OF THE GIFT: WHEN SHEEP ARE BEATEN AND WOLVES ARE STROKED

Jesus orders the Twelve to go first to the lost sheep of the house of Israel and not to the pagans and the Samaritans. Is this not, at first sight, a contradiction of the universal character of Christ’s proclamation?

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Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

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There are passages in the Gospel that appear difficult to understand from the very first hearing. Among the many examples, one may recall the Johannine passage in which Christ declares: «Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life» (Jn 6:54). These are words that challenge our capacity for understanding. Jesus links a material act — eating and drinking — to a supernatural and eternal reality, namely salvation. Nor should we forget that certain Gospel narratives unfold within the very specific religious setting of Judea, where the Halakhah, the Jewish Law, forbade the consumption of animal blood. For this reason, meat had to be completely drained of blood through specific procedures of salting and washing before it could be eaten as kosher, that is, as lawful food. One can therefore imagine the shock provoked by any reference to human blood, let alone to the eating of human flesh. From this arose the accusation, first among some Jews of Judea and later among the Romans, that Christians practised ritual cannibalism. It is therefore hardly surprising that many of Christ’s own disciples reacted by saying: «This saying is hard; who can accept it?» (Jn 6:60). In cases such as this, the difficulty is immediately apparent, because the mystery proclaimed by Christ surpasses what human reason alone can fully grasp.

Other texts, however, appear simple, straightforward and almost self-evident. And it is precisely here that the danger lies: that of believing we have already understood them. The Gospel of this Sunday belongs to this second category. Let us therefore read the text:

“At the sight of the crowds, his heart was moved with pity for them because they were troubled and abandoned, like sheep without a shepherd. Then he said to his disciples, ‘The harvest is abundant but the laborers are few; so ask the master of the harvest to send out laborers for his harvest.’ Then he summoned his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits to drive them out and to cure every disease and every illness. The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon called Peter, and his brother Andrew; James, the son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James, the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddeus; Simon the Cananean, and Judas Iscariot who betrayed him. Jesus sent out these twelve after instructing them thus: ‘Do not go into pagan territory or enter a Samaritan town. Go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. As you go, make this proclamation: “The kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Cure the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, drive out demons. Without cost you have received; without cost you are to give’” (Mt 9:36–10:8).

Everything begins with a gaze. Seeing the crowds, Jesus was moved with compassion for them because they were «troubled and abandoned, like sheep without a shepherd». This image is not incidental. It evokes a long prophetic tradition, particularly Chapter 34 of the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, in which God rebukes the shepherds of Israel for having cared for themselves rather than for the flock entrusted to them: «The sheep were scattered for lack of a shepherd» (This 34:5). The same accusation reappears in the Prophet Jeremiah: «Woe to the shepherds who mislead and scatter the flock of my pasture» (Because 23:1). Therefore, when Jesus looks upon the crowds as sheep without a shepherd, He does not merely see a multitude of people wearied by the hardships of life. He sees a people in danger of being scattered because they lack authentic guides. For this reason, the Evangelist’s image of sheep without a shepherd does not offer a generic description of the human condition, but points to a very specific reality that runs throughout biblical history: the flock entrusted by God to shepherds called to guard and guide it. It is within this context that Christ’s compassion must be understood, not as a simple movement of emotion, but as the manifestation of God’s own gaze upon His people. The One whom the prophets had foretold as the true Shepherd of Israel now stands before the scattered flock and prepares to gather it together.

After contemplating Christ’s compassion for the crowds, the Gospel takes a decisive step forward: Jesus calls twelve men to Himself and sends them out. This is no arbitrary choice. In both the Old and the New Testament, numbers always carry a symbolic and mystical significance. In this case, the number of those called recalls the twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Gen 35:22–26; Ex 24:4) and manifests Christ’s desire to gather around Himself the new People of God. The Evangelist then lists their names, and it is difficult not to be struck by what we find. Peter will deny his Master during the Passion (cf. Mt 26:69–75). Matthew comes from the world of tax collectors, those responsible for collecting taxes, a profession regarded with little sympathy in his own day (cf. Mt 9:9–13), no less than in ours. Thomas will struggle to believe the testimony of the Resurrection (cf. Jn 20:24–29). Judas Iscariot will go so far as to betray Him (cf. Mt 26:14–16; 47–50).

If none of the Apostles appears to be the ideal candidate for a mission destined to change history, why does Christ choose them? Certainly not because He is unaware of their weaknesses, which He knows better than anyone else. He chooses them precisely knowing who they are, and in doing so He teaches a fundamental truth: the Kingdom of God is not founded upon the perfection of men, but upon the power of divine grace. As the Apostle would later write: «My grace is sufficient for you, for power is made perfect in weakness» (2 Color 12:9). Had the apostolic mission been entrusted to flawless men, one might have been led to think that the success of the Gospel proclamation depended upon their personal qualities. Instead, Christ chooses frail men in order to remind us of our own human frailty, so that it may appear all the more clearly that the work belongs to God and not to man. In this regard, Benedict XVI, in the homily delivered on 15 June 2008 during the Holy Mass celebrated at the Sant’Apollinare Quay in Brindisi, recalled that Christ did not choose the Apostles because they were already saints, but so that they might become saints. It is a decisive distinction: holiness is not the prerequisite for the call, but the fruit of one’s response to that call. And this applies not only to the Apostles, but to every Christian.

The Gospel narrative then continues with a statement that may surprise us. Jesus instructs the Twelve to go first to the lost sheep of the house of Israel and not to the pagans or the Samaritans. Is this not, at first sight, a contradiction of the universal character of Christ’s proclamation? No, provided we bear in mind that God had prepared His people for centuries for the coming of the Messiah. Israel is the land of the promises, of the Covenant, and of that long divine pedagogy through which the Lord gradually educated His people to welcome the Saviour. For this reason, the proclamation begins with Israel, not because the other nations are excluded from salvation, but because it was precisely in Israel that the promises entrusted to the Patriarchs and the Prophets were to find their fulfilment. Only after the Resurrection would the Apostles receive the mandate to go forth to all nations (cf. Mk 16:15), carrying to the ends of the earth that Gospel which had first been proclaimed to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. The universality of salvation, therefore, is not denied but prepared, according to that divine plan which leads from the Old Covenant to the proclamation of the Gospel to all peoples.

Finally, Jesus concludes with what is perhaps the most demanding statement in the entire passage: «Without cost you have received; without cost you are to give». The Apostles must remember that nothing they possess truly belongs to them, for their calling, their grace and their mission are gifts they have received and which cannot be turned into personal possessions. These words apply equally to us. No one has given himself the faith, nor has anyone proclaimed the Gospel to himself. All of us have received something from others: faith, witness, prayer, forgiveness and charity. For this reason, the Lord asks us not to hold on to what we have received. Evangelical gratuity concerns not only the proclamation of the faith but also the concrete practice of charity. Saint Paul reminds the Christians of Corinth: «What do you possess that you have not received?» (1 Color 4:7). It is a question that retains all its force even today. If everything we are and possess is first and foremost a gift from God, then even the good we do for our neighbour cannot become a source of personal pride, but must remain a grateful response to the grace we have received.

If we were to summarise this Gospel passage in a few words, we could say that Jesus sees, feels compassion, calls and sends. Finally, He teaches that a gift received must become a gift shared. This is the logic of the Gospel through which the Lord continues, even today, to care for His people, for sheep may stray, but they are never forgotten by the Shepherd who gave His life for them, even though in the visible Church one sometimes has the perhaps mistaken impression that it is preferable to lose the sheep in order to welcome and caress the wolves.

From the Island of Patmos, 14 June 2026

 

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LAS OVEJAS SIN PASTOR Y LA GRATUIDAD DEL DON: OVEJAS APORREADAS Y LOBOS ACARICIADOS

(J)esús ordena a los Doce apóstoles dirigirse ante todo a las ovejas perdidas de la casa de Israel y no from ir entre los paganos ni entre los samaritanos. ¿No es acaso esto una contradicción con la universalidad del anuncio de Cristo?

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Author
Ariel S. Levi di Gualdo

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Hay páginas del Evangelio que parecen difíciles de comprender y descifrar a la primera escucha. Entre los muchos ejemplos, basta recordar el pasaje joánico en el que Cristo afirma: «El que come mi carne y bebe mi sangre tiene vida eterna» (Jn 6,54). Son palabras que ponen a prueba nuestra capacidad de comprensión. Indeed, Jesús vincula un acto material, como comer y beber, con una realidad sobrenatural y eterna como es la salvación. Tampoco debemos olvidar que ciertos relatos evangélicos se desarrollan en el preciso contexto religioso de Judea, donde la Halajá, la Ley judía, prohibía consumir sangre animal. For this reason, la carne debía ser completamente desangrada mediante procedimientos específicos de salado y lavado antes de poder ser consumida como alimento kasher, that is to say, lícito. Imagínese entonces el impacto que podía producir cualquier referencia a la sangre humana, or even worse, a comer carne humana. De ahí surgió la acusación contra los cristianos, primero por parte de algunos judíos de Judea y luego por parte de los romanos: practicar el canibalismo ritual. No sorprende, therefore, que muchos de sus discípulos reaccionaran diciendo: «Este modo de hablar es duro, ¿quién puede aceptarlo?» (Jn 6,60). En casos como éste, la dificultad aparece de inmediato, porque el misterio anunciado por Cristo supera aquello que la sola razón humana es capaz de abarcar plenamente.

Otros textos, instead, parecen simples, lineales, casi evidentes. Y precisamente ahí se esconde el riesgo: el de creer que ya los hemos comprendido. El Evangelio de este domingo pertenece a esta segunda categoría; leamos el texto:

«Al ver a la multitud, se compadeció de ella, porque estaba cansada y abatida, como ovejas que no tienen pastor. Entonces dijo a sus discípulos: “La mies es mucha, pero los obreros son pocos. Rogad, well, al dueño de la mies que envíe obreros a su mies”. Llamando a sus doce discípulos, les dio autoridad sobre los espíritus inmundos para expulsarlos y para curar toda enfermedad y toda dolencia. Los nombres de los doce apóstoles son éstos: primero, Simón, llamado Pedro, y Andrés, su hermano; Santiago, hijo de Zebedeo, y Juan, su hermano; Felipe y Bartolomé; Tomás y Mateo el publicano; Santiago, hijo de Alfeo, y Tadeo; Simón el Cananeo y Judas Iscariote, el mismo que lo entregó. A estos Doce envió Jesús, después de darles estas instrucciones: “No vayáis a tierra de paganos ni entréis en ciudades de samaritanos; dirigíos más bien a las ovejas perdidas de la casa de Israel. Id y proclamad que el Reino de los Cielos está cerca. Curad enfermos, resucitad muertos, purificad leprosos, expulsad demonios. Gratis habéis recibido; dad gratis”» (Mt 9,36–10,8).

Todo comienza con una mirada: Jesus, al ver a la multitud, se compadeció de ella porque estaba «cansada y abatida, como ovejas que no tienen pastor». Esta imagen no es casual. Remite a una larga tradición profética, en particular al capítulo XXXIV del profeta Ezequiel, en el que Dios reprocha a los pastores de Israel haber pensado en sí mismos en lugar de cuidar el rebaño que les había sido confiado: «Las ovejas se dispersaron por falta de pastor» (This 34,5). La misma acusación reaparece en el profeta Jeremías: «¡Ay de los pastores que dejan perderse y dispersan las ovejas de mis pastos!» (Because 23,1). When, therefore, Jesús contempla a las multitudes como ovejas sin pastor, no ve simplemente una multitud de personas fatigadas por las dificultades de la vida, sino un pueblo que corre el riesgo de dispersarse por carecer de guías auténticos. That's why, la imagen evangélica de las ovejas sin pastor no ofrece una descripción genérica de la condición humana, sino una realidad muy concreta que atraviesa toda la historia bíblica: la del rebaño confiado por Dios a pastores llamados a custodiarlo y guiarlo. En este contexto debe entenderse la compasión de Cristo, no como un simple sentimiento de conmoción, sino como la manifestación de la misma mirada de Dios sobre su pueblo. Aquel a quien los profetas habían anunciado como el verdadero Pastor de Israel se encuentra ahora ante el rebaño disperso y se dispone a reunirlo.

Después de contemplar la compasión de Cristo hacia las multitudes, el Evangelio da un paso decisivo: Jesús llama a doce hombres y los envía. No se trata de una elección casual. En el Antiguo y en el Nuevo Testamento los números poseen siempre un significado simbólico y mistagógico. En este caso, el número de los llamados remite a las doce tribus de Israel (cf. GN 35,22-26; Ex 24,4) y manifiesta la voluntad de Cristo de reunir en torno a sí al nuevo Pueblo de Dios. Next, el Evangelista enumera sus nombres, y resulta difícil no sentirse impresionado por lo que encontramos. Pedro negará al Maestro durante la Pasión (cf. Mt 26,69-75). Mateo procede del mundo de los publicanos, that is to say, de los recaudadores de impuestos, una categoría vista con escasa simpatía ayer (cf. Mt 9,9-13) como todavía hoy. Tomás tendrá dificultades para creer en el testimonio de la Resurrección (cf. Jn 20,24-29). Judas Iscariote llegará incluso a la traición (cf. Mt 26,14-16; 47-50).

Si ninguno de los Apóstoles parece el candidato ideal para una misión destinada a cambiar la historia, ¿por qué Cristo los elige? Ciertamente no porque ignore sus debilidades, que conoce mejor que nadie. Los elige precisamente sabiendo quiénes son, y al hacerlo enseña una verdad fundamental: el Reino de Dios no se fundamenta en la perfección de los hombres, sino en el poder de la gracia divina. Escribirá más tarde el Apóstol: «Te basta mi gracia, porque mi fuerza se manifiesta plenamente en la debilidad» (2 Color 12,9). Si la misión apostólica hubiera sido confiada a hombres impecables, se habría podido pensar que el éxito del anuncio dependía de sus cualidades. Christ, instead, elige hombres frágiles para recordarnos nuestras propias fragilidades humanas, de modo que aparezca con mayor evidencia que la obra pertenece a Dios y no al hombre. A este respecto, Benedict XVI, en la homilía pronunciada el 15 June 2008 durante la Santa Misa celebrada en el Muelle de San Apolinar de Brindisi, recordaba que Cristo no eligió a los Apóstoles porque ya fueran santos, sino para que llegaran a serlo. Se trata de una distinción decisiva: la santidad no es el presupuesto de la llamada, sino el fruto de la respuesta a la llamada. Y esto vale no sólo para los Apóstoles, sino para todo cristiano.

El relato evangélico continúa después con una afirmación que podría sorprendernos: Jesús ordena a los Doce apóstoles dirigirse ante todo a las ovejas perdidas de la casa de Israel y no de ir entre los paganos ni entre los samaritanos. ¿No es acaso esto una contradicción con la universalidad del anuncio de Cristo? No, si tenemos en cuenta que Dios había preparado durante siglos a su pueblo para la venida del Mesías. Israel es la tierra de las promesas, de la Alianza y de aquella larga pedagogía divina mediante la cual el Señor había educado progresivamente a su pueblo para acoger al Salvador. Por eso el anuncio comienza en Israel, no porque los demás pueblos estén excluidos de la salvación, sino porque precisamente en Israel debían hallar cumplimiento las promesas confiadas a los Patriarcas y a los Profetas. Sólo después de la Resurrección los Apóstoles recibirán el mandato de ir a todas las naciones (cf. MC 16,15), llevando hasta los confines de la tierra aquel Evangelio que había sido anunciado en primer lugar a las ovejas perdidas de la casa de Israel. La universalidad de la salvación, therefore, no es negada, sino preparada, según ese designio divino que conduce desde la Antigua Alianza hasta la predicación del Evangelio a todos los pueblos.

Jesús concluye finalmente con una frase que quizá sea la más exigente de todo el pasaje: «Gratis habéis recibido; dad gratis». Los Apóstoles deben recordar que nada de lo que poseen les pertenece verdaderamente, porque la llamada, la gracia y la misión son dones recibidos que no pueden transformarse en posesión. Estas palabras valen también para nosotros: nadie se ha dado a sí mismo la fe, ni nadie se ha anunciado el Evangelio a sí mismo. Todos hemos recibido algo de otros: la fe, el testimonio, la oración, el perdón y la caridad. Por eso el Señor nos pide que no retengamos lo que hemos recibido. La gratuidad evangélica no se refiere solamente al anuncio de la fe, sino también al ejercicio concreto de la caridad. San Pablo recuerda a los cristianos de Corinto: «¿Qué tienes que no hayas recibido?» (1 Color 4,7). Es una pregunta que conserva todavía hoy toda su fuerza: si todo lo que somos y poseemos es ante todo un don de Dios, entonces también el bien que hacemos al prójimo no puede convertirse en motivo de orgullo personal, sino que debe permanecer como una respuesta agradecida a la gracia recibida.

Si tuviéramos que resumir esta perícopa evangélica en pocas palabras, podríamos decir que Jesús ve, se compadece, llama y envía. Finalmente enseña que el don recibido debe convertirse en don compartido. Ésta es la lógica del Evangelio mediante la cual el Señor continúa todavía hoy cuidando de su pueblo, porque las ovejas pueden extraviarse, pero nunca son olvidadas por el Pastor que dio su vida por ellas, although today, en la Iglesia visible, existe a menudo la impresión, quizá equivocada, de que se prefiere perder las ovejas para acoger y acariciar a los lobos.

From the Island of Patmos, 13 June 2026

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